Footnote 72: Liancourt in his Travels in North America, says of tobacco culture in Virginia: "The nature of the country beyond the James River is much more variegated than on this side. At present they are preparing the lands for the planting of tobacco. After having worked the land it is thrown into small hillocks. * * * The cultivation of tobacco, which has been very much neglected during several years, is more followed this year on account of the high price it bears in Europe; but the soil has been so long worked with this exhausting produce, and is so badly manured (for manure is absolutely necessary for tobacco when the soil is not newly broken up), that it is not capable of producing good crops."[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 73: This is a short, thick, heavy-headed axe, of a somewhat oblong shape, with which the Americans make great dispatch. They treat the English poll-axe with great contempt, and always work it over again as old iron before they deem it fit for their use.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 74: The worm or panel fence, originally of Virginia, consists of logs or malled rails from about four to six or eight inches thick and eleven feet in length. A good fence consists of ten rails and a rider. It is called a worm fence from the zigzag manner of its construction.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 75: Walker says of tobacco culture in Colombia (South America):—"It is advisable to cover the plant with a banana leaf, or something similar: by this means the tobacco is protected from the heat of the sun, and from the heavy rains, which would not prove less prejudicial."[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 76: Hughes, in his History of Barbadoes, says that the common people call the worm kitifonia.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 77: Wallace says of worming tobacco in Brazil: "The plants are much attacked by the caterpillar of a sphinx moth, which grows to a large size, and would completely devour the crop unless carefully picked off. Old men, and women, and children are therefore constantly employed going over a part of the field every day, and carefully examining the plants leaf by leaf till the insects are completely exterminated."[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 78: Many of the Virginians let the thumb nail grow long, and harden it in the candle, for this purpose: not for the use of gouging out people's eyes, as some have thought fit to insinuate.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 79: Second crop, or Volunteer tobacco.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 80: The inner bark of the lime-tree.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 81: Florida tobacco is noted for the white rust found on the leaves.[Back to Main Text]