In endemic haemoptysis the operculated eggs of Paragonimus westermanni are to be sought for in the sputum.
In leprosy epistaxis may be an early sign.
The damage to the endothelial lining of capillaries in plague gives rise to frequent haemorrhages into the skin.
There is a question whether the hookworms abstract blood from the intestines, although tests for occult blood are deemed important by some authorities in the diagnosis of this disease.
The granulomatous lesions of verruga are markedly haemorrhagic.
Some consider ship beriberi to be of the nature of scurvy in which case one should have in mind spongy, bleeding gums and the intramuscular haemorrhages of scurvy.
Typhus Fever.—The petechial rash of this disease (mulberry rash) is a distinctive feature.
Oedema
Oedema, especially about the ankles, is to be looked for in all the secondary anaemias of the tropics, particularly malaria and ancylostomiasis.
Beriberi.—The oedema begins at first about the feet, especially about the dorsal junction of phalanges and metatarsus. It is characteristically pretibial. It may remain confined to the shin or go up to knees, scrotum, sternal region or trunk. It is generally symmetrical but may be unilateral. It may become a general anasarca, even in forty-eight hours.