Tularaemia.—There is often a local lesion at the site of the bite of the infecting Chrysops. The tributary glands are swollen.
In ancylostomiasis the site of entrance of the infecting stage of the larvae is marked by a dermatitis—ground itch.
Tibial ulcers are also features of this disease.
In filariasis we not only have the bleb-like lesion of guinea worm infection but also the calabar swellings of Filaria loa. Elephantiasis and lymph scrotum are the best known skin manifestations of F. bancrofti, but there may also be present filarial abscesses. The tumors of O. volvulus are most often on sides of chest, are quite superficial with the skin freely movable over them.
Epidemic Dropsy.—It is a question, whether such a disease as epidemic dropsy is distinct from beriberi. An erythematous eruption about the face and a macular one of the trunk and extremities are usually stated to be features of this disease.
Juxta-articular Nodes.—This is a condition in which small tumors form under the skin especially in the region of the elbows. These bean to walnut-sized tumors of the subcutaneous tissues may also be noted about the knees. A fungus has been reported as cause but the present view is that the cause is unknown.
Oriental Sore.—This form of cutaneous leishmaniasis is especially common in Asiatic Turkey and Northern Africa. It begins as a small papule which eventually ulcerates, the sore scabbing over from time to time and again breaking down. Indolent granulations and a very protracted course are rather characteristic features.
American Leishmaniasis.—The most important point of differentiation of this form of leishmaniasis from oriental sore is the occurrence of ulcerating lesions of the mucous membranes of mouth or nose subsequent to the appearance of the oriental sore-like lesions on forearm, legs, trunk, or rarely the face. In Peru the term uta more properly belongs to the skin affections while espundia is the designation applied to the lesions of the mucous membranes. It may be stated that a form of oriental sore has been reported from Greece where mucous membrane ulcerations have been associated with the ordinary skin-type lesion.
Dermal Leishmanoid.—Brahmachari has described a form of generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis, bearing a superficial resemblance to leprosy, which may develop a variable number of months after apparent cure of kala-azar by antimony. Having found leishmania bodies in the lesions, he conjectured that some of the parasites survive the action of the drug, but with their virulence so attenuated that they can give rise only to a milder disease, a variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis, to which he gives the name “dermal leishmanoid.”