In cholera the kidneys are markedly affected, especially the epithelial lining of the tubules.
Malta fever may rarely be attended by an orchitis.
One of the manifestations of filarial disease is lymph scrotum in which the scrotum is covered with small blebs containing a chylous fluid which may possibly contain microfilariae. It is associated with recurring attacks of lymphangitis. There is also a filarial orchitis and we may have a lymphangitis of the lymphatics of the cord. Again filarial disease may show a chylocele in which the tunica vaginalis contains a fluid similar to that seen in the varices of lymph scrotum. This fluid may also show filarial embryos.
In endemic funiculitis there is a sudden onset with high temperature and pain in spermatic cord and epididymis. The general condition rapidly becomes grave with a hard, tender, cylindrical swelling along the cord and also pain and swelling of epididymis. It is a streptococcus infection usually engrafted on a filarial or bilharzial process and demands immediate surgical measures.
Kala-azar may be accompanied by sloughing of the scrotum at the time manifestations of cancrum oris are noted.
Cases of gangrene of the scrotum have been reported as connected with malaria.
Gangrene of the scrotum and penis is not infrequently noted in Rocky Mountain fever.
In puzzling febrile cases in the tropics one should always think of a possible pyelitis. Then too keep in mind renal tuberculosis.
If leprosy comes on before puberty the sexual organs remain in an undeveloped condition. Leprous infiltrations are noted in the testicles and ovaries. In nerve leprosy, which does not usually come on until after puberty, the women may bear healthy children and it is now thought that the view that leprosy markedly tends to produce sterility is lacking in confirmation.