Touring in 1600: A Study in the Development of Travel as a Means of Education - E. S. Bates

INDEX

All names of travellers are indexed, but only those towns concerning which some distinctive detail has been given.

Aarssen, F. van; [395].
Abdy, Sir T.; [393].
"Acta Sanctorum" quoted; [179].
Allen, Cardinal; as protector of English at Rome, [111].
Alps; see [Mountaineering].
Ambassadors; see under [Embassies], [Busbecq], [Chaworth], [Chiericati], [Contarini], [Fanshawe], [Foix], [Glover], [Guicciardini], [Lionello], [Lippomano], [Muscorno], [Myszkowski], [Navagero], [Pindar], [Sherley], [Willes], [Wotton].
Amsterdam; [117], [281], [329].
Antwerp; [122], [252], [291].
Aragona, Luigi d' (cardinal); travelling expenses, [317];
itinerary, [396].
Art; an "Ephesus" statue of Diana, [149];
art-student abroad, his difficulties and advantages, [150]-[1], [376]-[7];
Turkish arts and crafts, [191].
Aschhausen, J. G. von (bishop of Würzburg); travelling expenses, [317].
Ashley, John; [393].
Aubigné, Agrippa d'; his "Les Tragiques" quoted, [349].
Audebert, Nicolas; [140], [145];
his MS., [394].
Augsburg; [119], [141], [152], [291], [350].
Average Tourist (see [Education], and [Tutors], and, for examples, [Aarssen], [Audebert], [Bertie], [Browne], [Coligny], [Davison], [Hoby], [Lauder], [Raleigh], [Rohan], [Roos], [Sobieski], [Wotton]);
the special type of the age, [25];
and its development, [26], [319];
psychology of, [29], [30], [32], [378]-[9];
instructions to, [37]-[9], [48], [57]-[8], [95];
and Protestantism, [53]-[6];
objective, [95], [100]-[1], [114], [118], [130], [132];
what he would have to spend, [314]-[8];
subsidized by Queen Elizabeth, [319].
Awliyáí Efendi; quoted, [249], [284].
Babeau, A.; his "Voyageurs en France" quoted, [270], [284].
Bacon, Francis; quoted, [3], [148], [319].
Barbaro, Giosaffate; [29].
Barberini, Rafael; [383].
Bargrave, R; [393].
Bassompierre, François, Maréchal de; [108].
Bathing-resorts; of western Europe, [3], [267]-[9];
Turkish, [196];
the Jordan, [235].
Battista, Giovanni (pilgrims' guide at Jerusalem); [230], [239].
Beasts of prey; risk from, [355].
Beatis, Antonio de; [396];
quoted, [162], [299], [381], [385].
Bergamo; [114].
Bernini, the artist; [98].
Bertie, Robert and Henry; [396].
Bisoni, Bernardo; [396].
Blount, Sir Henry, philosopher-errant; his aims, [8];
quoted, [33], [182], [187], [202]-[3], [213], [358], [360].
Bodley, Josias; [51], [400].
Bologna University; [103], [310]-[1], [394].
Boorde, Andrew; his "Introduction of Knowledge" as marking the beginning of the period here dealt with, [26];
quoted, [27], [50], [154], [173], [247], [348].
Bosio, Antonio; his re-discovery of the Catacombs at this time, [108].
Bouchet, Jean (Rabelais' "Xenomanes"); [56].
Boyle, Robert; [185].
Brereton, Sir William; in Holland, [83], [116], [140], [397].
Breuning, von Buchenbach, H. J.; [397].
Bridges; [82], [288]-[90], [328].
Brittany; neglect of, [144].
Brooke, N.; (18th century), [191].
Browne, Edward (son of Sir Thomas); [288], [339].
Brunel, Antoine de; [395].
Bruno, Giordano; at Geneva, [112];
in London, [134].
Buchell, Arend van, antiquary; [246], [275], [329], [385], [397].
Busbecq, A. G. de; Imperial ambassador at Constantinople, and in France, [14];
his letters, [14], [398];
tries to naturalize camels, [140];
quoted, [20], [81], [187], [192], [289].
Busino, Orazio; [398].
Cagots; [138].
Cairo; largest city then known, [8];
Bulak asses, [220];
and other details, [221], [237], [325];
usual excursions from, [222]-[7].
Callot, Jacques, the artist; [321].
Camden, W.; quoted, [41], [119], [164].
Campan, the Jesuit; [403].
Captivity and Ransoms (see [Pirates]); [56], [71], [101], [201], [203], [346], [356]-[62], [366].
Caravans; [216]-[9], [228]-[30], [235]-[6], [249], [292].
Carve, Thomas; [398].
Casola, Pietro; [398].
Cecily, princess (of Sweden); marries on condition her husband takes her to see Queen Elizabeth, [11];
her journey, [11]-[3];
and narrative, [398].
Cellini, Benvenuto; adventures, [81], [298];
quoted, [363].
Chamberlain, John, the letter-writer; [63].
Channel-crossings; havens, [60]-[2];
experiences of, [12], [60]-[4];
size of vessels, [64];
charges, [328].
Chapman, George; quoted, [25].
Charles II; his experience of Spanish fare, [262].
Chartres; a pilgrimage to, [20].
Chaworth, Sir G.; outlay on his embassy to Brussels, [318];
his account of it, [398].
Chiericati, Francesco; [384], [399].
Cirot, G.; his biography of Mariana quoted, [48].
Clara Eugenia, the Infanta;
journey from Milan to Brussels, [11], [399];
quoted, [135], [296]-[7], [303], [306].
Cleland's estimate of annual cost of travel; [315].
Clothes; [37], [133], [359], [365]-[8].
Coaches and Waggons; [79], [290]-[3], [333].
Coinage; small change and its bearing on expenses, [341];
substitutes for, [346];
multiplicity of, a great hindrance to travel, [368]-[72].
Coleridge, S. T.; quoted, [45].
Coligny, Francis and Gaspard de; their estimate for a year in Italy, [315].
Communications; see under [Bridges], [Caravans], [Coaches], [Escorts], [Ferries], [Litters], [Locks], [Mountaineering], [Riding], [River-travel], [Road-travel], [Sea-travel], [Sign-posts], [Vetturino].
Compostella; [173]-[4], [320].
Constantinople; [122], [194]-[7], [200]-[1], [215]-[6].
—— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson, C. 799;
Stowe, [180];
and Bertie, Busbecq, Carmoly, Cobham, Courthop, Dallam, Khitrowo, Moryson, Mundy, Röhricht, Vargas.
Contarini, Tommaso; takes peat from Flanders to Italy, [140].
Conversation-difficulties; see [Linguistics].
Coryat, Tom; in Palestine, [232], [329].
Cost of Travel in 1600.
—— Direct (see [Coinage], [Fares], [Finance], [Food], [Guides], [Licences], [Lodging], [Luggage], [Outfit], [Passports], [Pilgrimage—Jerusalem], [River-travel], [Tolls]);
estimates of annual, [314]-[7];
means of economizing, [318]-[25];
foreigners more liable to overcharge then than now, [330];
"conducted" travel, [216], [331]-[2];
crossing the Alps, [332]-[4];
duration of journeys the chief factor in expense, [332]-[5];
in relation to food and lodging generally, [338]-[41].
—— Indirect (see [Beasts of Prey], [Captivity], [Clothes], [Droit d'aubaine], [Escorts], [Illness], [Legal Status], [Manners and Customs], [Pirates], [Plague], [Robbers], [Touring—greater strain of travel], [War]);
defined, [313];
epitomized in "Litany," [347].
Courthop, Sir G.; [399].
Cuelbis, Diego; [393].
Cuellar, Captain; [175]-[6], [399].
Dallam, Thomas; [9], [65], [214], [308], [400].
Dallington's estimate of annual cost of travel; [315].
Daniel, Samuel; quoted, [379], [389].
Dante; did not add to the attractions of Florence, [103];
quoted, [293].
Danzig; [131], [155], [211].
Davies, Sir John;
quoted, [177], [386].
Davis, William; a Protestant sailor, cared for at Rome, [112].
Davison, Francis; cannot live abroad on [100] marks a year, [316];
quoted, [344].
Della Valle, Pietro; a model traveller, [6];
life-story, [7];
his many interesting experiences on the way to Jerusalem, [205]-[35];
quoted, [50], [88], [90], [191]-[4], [198], [200], [269].
Denmark; [155], [244].
Digby, Sir Kenelm; dies in Paris, confiscation of property by "droit d'aubaine," [364].
Douglas, Thomas; remits broadcloth to Algiers as a substitute for money, [346].
Dresden; [120], [149].
"Droit d'aubaine"; enforcement and disuse of, [364];
its equivalent in Turkey, [196].
Education; as related to travel (see [Average Tourist], [Ideas], [Touring—uses of], and, [—causes of], [Universities]), growth of the idea, circ. 1542-1642, as constituting the unity of subject of this book, [25], [26], [158];
then and now, [377].
Elizabeth, Princess (James I's daughter); a visit to, [129].
Elizabeth, Queen; sends an organ to "Grand Turk," [9];
is visited by Princess Cecily, [12];
her twofold attraction for foreigners, [125]-[7];
as a linguist, [47];
and "der Einlasse," [141];
subsidizes travel, [318] (cf. [346] and [386]).
Embassies (see [Ambassadors], and [Spies]) facilitate touring to the point of becoming the chief cause of it, [15];
system of resident ambassadors developed in 16th century, and why, [15]-[6];
economical advantages to the tourist, [318], [337], [344], [365];
French maritime towns send one to Constantinople, [186], [197], [357].
Empire, the; communications in, [80], [289], [291];
sub-divisions for tourist purposes, [117];
characteristics of, [118]-[21];
inns, [242]-[3], [245], [250], [255]-[9], [268]-[9], [283];
expenditure in, [336]-[7], [339]-[40], [349]-[53];
coinage, [370].
—— people of; popularity of travel among, [29];
as seen by foreigners, [118]-[21], [255], [265], [366].
—— Bibl.; MS. Tournay [160], Beatis, Bisoni, Breuning, Buchell, Carve, Clara Eugenia, Cust, Guzman, Hoby, Maulde, Montaigne, Moryson, Rye, Sastrow, Sobieski, Taylor, Vargas, Wotton, Zetzner; IV. [1]. note [14], VIII. notes [28] and [35].
England (see [London]); as seen by foreigners, [123-30], [267], [343-4];
their reasons for coming, [125-6];
and usual route, [127];
inns, [245];
communications, [291];
expenditure in, [330-1], [337-8], [349].
—— Bibl.; Bisoni, Brereton, Breuning, Busino, Cecily, Einstein, Rye, Sobieski, Zetzner.
English abroad; [346], [356], [386] note [5];
increase in their numbers and its significance, [25-8];
in Italy, [28], [74], [112];
innkeepers, [273-4].
Ens, Gaspar; one of his guide-books quoted, [49].
Escorts (see [Communications]); [38], [353-4], [357];
Janizaries, [198-9], [216], [325].
Espinel, Vicente; his "Marcos de Obregon" quoted, [49].
Este, Luigi d' (Cardinal); [386].
Evelyn, John; visits the Catacombs, [109];
goes to see a prisoner tortured, [137];
his credulity, typical, [146];
cost of his "Grand Tour," [315];
quoted, [18], [80], [95], [99], [140], [274], [285], [354].
Executions, etc., as "sights" (see [Robbers]); [136-7].
Exile; as a cause of travel; [23-4], [26].
Fairs; [114], [144].
Fanshawe, Ann, Lady; her journeys and memoirs, [13], [400];
quoted, [79], [170], [262], [352], [370].
——, Sir Richard; [13], [315], [370].
Fares (in Europe); [328-36].
Ferries and fords; [287-90], [329].
Finance (see [Coinage], [Cost], ["Putting-Out"]);
equation of money-values, how reckoned, [313-4];
methods of ensuring supply of ready-money, [341-2];
how coin was carried, [342-3], [372];
legal limits to amounts carried and how to evade them, [343-4];
fluctuations in values, [338-9], [344-5], [369];
remitting by advice, [344-6], [348];
letters of credit, barter, and loans, [346-7].
Finland; wizards on the coast of, [75].
Flagellants; [138].
Florence; as attractive then as now, [103];
its Zoos, [139];
inns, [271], [277].
Florio, John; his "First-Fruits" quoted, [27].
Foix, Paul de; [13].
Food; on board ship, [66], [68], [79], [264-5];
in Turkey, [249];
drinks, [252-5], [263];
meals and meal-times, [255-66], [278-80], [333];
cost, [338-41], [349].
France; routes, [84], [115], [122];
on the rivers in, [79], [82-5];
attractions of, [114-6], [268];
inns, [255-6], [260], [266], [270-2], [274], [276], [281];
on the road in, [285], [289], [291-2], [300], [330], [354];
expenditure in, [315], [330], [348-9].
—— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson D. 120, 1285, Add. 34177, Egerton [34], Harleian [288], 942/3, 1278, Lansdown 720, Tournay [159], [160];
Aarssen, Babeau, Beatis, Bertie, Bisoni, Buchell, Busbecq, Busino, Courthop, Cust, Fanshawe, Hoby, Lauder, Locatelli, Montaigne, Mundy, Zetzner; IV. 1. note 4, VIII. note 45.
Frederick II (Elector Palatine); [399].
Fürer, Christopher, pilgrim; [325], [358].
Galileo, G.; [72], [97].
Galley-slaves; treatment of, [76], [137-8], [362].
Games new to travellers; [153].
Genoa; [99], [143].
Germany; see [Empire].
Gesner, Conrad; as a mountaineer, [304].
Giustiniani, Vincenzo (Marchese di Bassano); [396].
Glover, Sir Thomas; in Thrace, [309].
Gölnitz, Abraham; quoted, [129], [252], [256], [269], [285], [343], [387].
Good, ——; an Englishman in Ireland, [384].
Gourville, J. H. de; "Mémoires" quoted, [266], [311].
Gracián, Jeronimo, St. Teresa's confessor; enslaved, [186].
Gramaye, J. B.; at Algiers, [356].
Greece; lack of interest in, [213].
Greene, Robert; quoted, [366].
Gresham, ——(?); obtains news from hell at Stromboli, [91].
Gruberus; a typical guide-book writer, [35], [204].
Guicciardini, Francesco; [16];
on Spain, [170].
Guide-books; general characteristics of, [35-40], [42-3], [333];
itineraries as guide-books, [43-6];
advice from, [57-9];
doggrel from, [106], [121], [154], [204];
a Jewish one, [236];
cost, [338].
—— Bibl.; Einstein.
Guides (see [Escorts] and [Tutors]); [333];
in Mohammedan lands, [210].
Guzman, Alonzo de; his autobiography, [23], [401];
quoted, [51], [280].
Hall, Joseph (bishop); his abuse of travel—in word and in deed, [374].
Harington, Sir J.; [142].
Hentzner, P.; typical character of his "Itineraria," [44];
quoted, [60], [120], [343], [353].
Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury; [61], [275].
Hoby, Sir Thomas; [336], [401].
Holland; see [United Provinces].
Horsey, Sir Jerome; [244].
Howell, James; his "Instructions for Foreign Travel" taken as marking the end of the period here dealt with, [26];
estimate of cost of travel, [315];
quoted, [36], [71], [122], [276], [303].
Hungary; [156], [289], [311], [339].
—— Bibl.; Szamota, Vargas.
Ideas of the Day in relation to travel:—influencing travellers;
political (monarchical), [25], [31], [33], [95], [115-6], [118], [164];
historical, [40], [109], [110], [166-7], [185], [206];
æsthetic, [103], [214], [302-7];
lack of sympathy or sentimentality (see also [theology, intolerance]), [136-7], [144];
critical, [145-6], [148], [214-5], [239], [301];
pedagogic, [38-40], [58], [60], [95], [378-9];
relating to the Empire, [119], [351];
to Spain, [162-70], [261-3], [351];
to Ireland, [175-9];
to the Turks, [182-9], [193];
to Jerusalem, [205-6];
to Italy, [95-100], [103], [302];
to the fascination of Queen Elizabeth, [125-7];
where to stay, [101], [163].
—— modified by travel (see [Touring, uses of]); [27];
historical, [33], [105], [167];
town-planning, [117], [378];
economic and domestic, [113], [116], [120], [140-2], [169-70], [201-2];
political (democratic), [119], [120];
trustworthiness of relics, [19];
Scottish opinion of Scots, [32];
concerning Italy, [100];
and Venice, [105];
of Christians about themselves, [171], [199];
Turkish craftmanship and character, [191].
Illness (see [Plague], and [Touring, hardships of]);
provision against, [66], [360-2];
mortality at sea, [67-8];
and on the Alps, [295-6];
hospitals, [112], [362];
abundance of vermin, [59], [67-8], [121], [241], [309], [360].
Imperiali, Gian Vincenzo; [381].
Inns (see [Food], and [Lodging]); [46], [351], [372];
the best, [240-1], [268];
inn-signs, [240], [250-2];
innkeepers, [241], [245], [273-80];
and their case against the tourists, [272-83];
the personnel, [245], [275], [281];
utensils, [266-7];
government supervision strict, [271-2];
town watchmen notify innkeepers of new arrivals, [282];
"Khans," [247-50];
free quarters, [249], [265], [280-1], [319-20], [325].
Ireland; [175-181], [378] (Dublin);
scarcity of knowledge about, [41], [179-80];
accommodation, [245], [265].
—— Bibl.; Carve, Chiericati, Cuellar, Falkiner, Moryson; VI. note [7].
Italy (see [English abroad]); high reputation in 16th century, [6], [95-100], [254], [302];
adverse criticism, [100], [373];
communications in, [82-3], [85-7], [285-94], [329-32];
usual routes through, [102], [114];
inns, [241], [252], [256], [259-60], [271-2];
baths, [267-8];
expenditure in, [330-1], [336];
coinage, [369], [372].
—— people of; [114], [366];
travelling coming into fashion with Venetians, (1603), [26];
courtesans, [106], [143].
—— Bibl. All but a very few entries refer to Italy to some extent.
Jemsel, Samuel; a Jewish pilgrim (1641), [236].
Jerusalem (see [Pilgrimage]);
relation to mental life of the time, [205-7];
monastery of S. Salvatore at, [210], [230], [323];
as seen by foreigners, [230-4], [360];
extortion at, [323-5].
—— Bibl. MS. Rawlinson D. [122];
Carmoly, Casola, Cobham, Diarium, Khitrowo, Moryson, Röhricht, Serrano.
Jews; interest in, [8], [217];
as linguists, [50];
their badges, [139];
centres, [214], [236];
as travellers (to Palestine), [235-8].
Johanna, Frau (of Antwerp), a pilgrim; enslaved, [359].
Jonson, Ben; as tutor, [56];
quoted, [103].
Jouvin de Rochefort; [384].
Jusserand, J.; his "English Wayfaring Life" and comparison of its types with those of 1600, [17].
Kiechel, S.; [384].
Knight-Errant; of fiction as a cause of travel, [22];
typified by Alonzo de Guzman, [23];
one in a cart, [291].
Kochanowski, Jan; Polish satirist, [373], [378].
Koris, Joel; [393].
La Brocquière, Bertrandon de (15th century); quoted, [99].
Lascells, Richard, pedagogue; [394].
Lassota, Erich; [383].
Latin; see [Linguistics].
Lauder, John, of Fountainhall; his diary, [31], [401];
studies law—and other things—at Poitiers, [31-2];
seasick, [77];
quoted, [49], [53], [272], [370].
Legal status of the traveller (see [Droit d'aubaine]); [246], [271], [365];
at Geneva, [112].
Leipzig; [4], [136].
Levant Company; [8].
——, Islands of the; particularly attractive to travellers, [88];
some details, [88-94].
Leyden; [4].
Licences to travel; see [Passports].
Linguistics; Latin, its uses and limitations, [46-49], [215];
Italian and French as international languages, [49], [50];
"lingua franca" and other hybrids, [50-1];
misunderstandings, [46], [49], [51], [52], [230-1], [249];
tourist-pronunciation as a guide to phonology, [52];
towns, etc., in favour for purity of language, [103], [115], [121];
Jews as linguists, [50];
books as aids to conversation, [52], [245];
ignorance of, and lack of interest in, Greek, [213];
in Turkey, [193], [249].
Lionello (secretary to Venetian ambassador);
expenses, London, Edinburgh, [331].
Lippomano, G.; in Poland, [132];
in France, [353].
Liske, K.; his "Viajes ... por España" quoted, [383], [387], [404].
Lithgow, William; becomes a bad traveller and a worse writer, [10];
extent of his travels and consequent value of his comparisons, [10-1], [89], [123];
quoted, [54], [72], [88], [179], [203], [219], [232-5], [323], [342].
Litters the least uncomfortable method of travel; [290].
Locatelli, S.; [401].
Locks (on rivers); then being introduced, and where, [82], [83], [116].
Lodging; towns the stopping-places, [101];
monasteries, [225-6], [230], [319];
downstairs, [143], [244], [247], [266];
upstairs, [37], [59], [240-50], [265], [269-71].
London and Londoners; [120], [134], [140], [153], [289].
Loreto; [107-8].
Loyola, Ignazio; journeys to England and Flanders as a beggar, [320].
Lübeck; [120], [152], [251].
Ludwig V of Hessen-Darmstadt; pays a knight to journey with him, [317].
Luggage; (see [Outfit]); [291], [335-6].
Lyons; [84], [343], [376].
Madrid; [165], [174].
Malta; [91], [113], [399].
Manners and Customs (see [Droit d'aubaine], [Inns], [Theology, intolerance], [Vetturino], and under the various nationalities);
in the Levant, [88-90];
treatment of foreigners, [111-2], [132-5], [159], [170-1], [176], [197-8], [213], [231], [296], [311], [330], [343-4];
drunkenness, [133], [160], [192-3], [242], [254-5], [291], [340];
odds and ends, [135-54], [171], [174], [190], [246], [250], [277], [282], [312], [321], [332], [366];
carrier-pigeons and incubation in use among Mohammedans, [193].
Manwaring, ——; an Englishman ill-treated at Aleppo, [198].
Maps and Plans; [52], [333];
rivers marked, but not roads, [78].
Marlowe's "Tamburlane"; quoted, [185].
Maulde, François de (Modius); [402].
Mechanical devices as "sights"; water, [151-2], [174];
other kinds, [141], [152].
Messina; its municipal bank, [113].
Milan; [100], [147], [337];
its importance then, [102], [120].
Mines; [155-6], [294].
Missionaries-errant; scarcity of, [24].
Mole, John, a Protestant tutor; imprisoned thirty years at Rome, [54].
Money-matters; see [Cost].
Montaigne, Michel de; as a traveller, [3-4], [105];
usefulness of his knowledge of Latin, [47];
his theory of travel, [57];
his narrative, [402];
quoted, [43], [107], [138], [186], [266], [268], [285], [338], [376].
Montpensier, Mlle. de; [270].
Montserrat; [19], [173], [281], [366].
Morelli, Jacopo; essay on little-known Venetian travellers quoted, [29].
Morgenthal, Hans von; [382].
Moryson, Fynes; his journeys, [4-5];
writings, [5], [402];
at Rome and Geneva, [111];
expenditure, [316], [323], [348];
quoted, [52], [65], [78], [100], [120], [131], [137], [140], [142], [153], [179], [186], [192], [198-9], [201], [231], [245], [257-60], [296], [298], [321], [326], [330], [343], [353], [385].
——, Henry; journey to Jerusalem, death and epitaph, [4-5];
"puts out" money, [326].
Moscow; [157].
Mountaineering; Alpine passes in use and details of crossing, [294-9], [306], [332], [334];
other passes, [212], [299], [300];
ideas about, for and against, [300-6].
—— ascents; Horeb and Sinai, [226-7];
Quarantana (Palestine), [235];
Les Jumelles (Pau), [300];
Roche Rommelon (Alps), [301-2].
Mundy, Peter; [14], [402];
quoted, [82], [217], [260], [307], [386].
Münster; his "Cosmography," [43], [146].
Murder of travellers; see [Robbery].
Muscorno (secretary of Venetian ambassador in England); cost of journey thither, [335].
Muscovy; [156-62], [327], [342];
communications in, [80], [156], [293], [355];
lodging, [244], [266], [319];
fare, [253], [264];
an innkeeper of Nerva, [280];
expenses of an Englishman's journey thither, [335];
coinage, [371].
—— people of; hostility to travel, [159], [367];
as seen by foreigners, [159-61], [346];
on the way to Jerusalem, [211], [224-5].
—— Bibl.; Adelung, Khitrowo, Mundy, Possevino.
Myszkowski, Marshal of the Polish Diet; in England, [128].
Naples; [7], [113], [120], [138], [252], [292], [320], [343];
a St. John's Eve ceremony at, [145].
Nashe, Thomas; quoted, [33].
Navagero, Andrea; in Spain, [48], [337].
Netherlands, Spanish; [122].
—— Bibl.; MS. Tournay [159]; Beatis, Bisoni, Breuning, Buchell, Carve, Chaworth, Clara Eugenia, Cust, Hagemans, Hoby.
Newberie, John; his tale of the Isola dei Diavoli, [93].
Nîmes; its amphitheatre in 1682, [376].
Noë, Father; his guide-book, [42-3];
quoted, [77].
Northumberland, ninth earl of;
letter to his son about travel, [58].
Norway; [346], [406].
Nützel, Karl; ("the German Ulysses") pays 300% for a loan, [346].
Ogier, Charles; [385].
O'Sullivan, Philip, the historian; quoted, [179].
Outfit; (see [Clothes] and [Luggage]), [37], [135];
for Jerusalem pilgrimage, [66], [325].
Overbury, Sir Thomas; quoted, [350].
Padua; (see [Universities]), [4], [231], [320-1], [329].
Paris; [115], [145], [153], [251-2], [289-91], [362], [372], [397].
Parsons, Robert, the Jesuit; at Geneva, [112].
Pasquier, Etienne; his verdict on touring, [375].
Passports and Licences; official restrictions, [54-5];
"charte-partie," [76];
licences to wear weapons, [135];
in Mohammedan lands, [198];
Jerusalem "Placets," [209];
licences to beg used by tourists, [320-1];
cost of English ones, [337-8];
"bills of health," [360-1].
Patron Saints; of travellers, [44];
of those who stay at inns, [251];
of seafarers, [75].
Payen of Meaux; quoted, [363], [383].
Payne, R.; [385].
Perlin, a French visitor in England; quoted, [344].
Perrault, Claude, architect of the Louvre; sticks in the mud, [285].
"Picaro"; a special 16th century type of vagabond, [21-3].
—— Bibl.; Chandler.
Pilgrimage (see [Chartres], [Compostella], [Loreto], [Montserrat], [Saumur], [Theology]);
consecration for, [7];
an epidemic in France, [20];
to what extent in vogue, [18-20], [179], [208], [320];
relics to be seen, [145-8], and chap. v. part [2];
the degree and kind of attention relics received, [145-8], [239];
to St. Patrick's Purgatory, [179].
—— to Jerusalem; (see [Jews], [Passports], [Sea-Travel—pilgrim-galley])
the most popular guide-book for, [42];
routes, [207], [209-14];
and their characteristics, [210-30];
information bureau at Venice, [209];
motives for, [208];
decline of, and why, [208-9];
licences for, [209];
finance of, [209], [216], [229], [321-6], [365];
at Jerusalem, [230-4];
Easter excursions to Emmaus, Jordan, and Hebron, [234-6];
Knighthood of the Holy Sepulchre, [239];
lodging, [247-50], [323];
enslavement of pilgrims, [358-60].
Pindar, Sir Paul; [13], [14].
Pirates; the chief centres, [72];
frequency of, [72-74];
tales of, [74], [106], [185-6].
Plague; [201], [299], [360-1].
Plotius; a typical guide-book writer, [35].
Poland; [130-2], [263], [303], [337], [364], [373];
inns, [243-4], [278];
bridge at Yarunov, [289];
expenditure in, [339-41].
—— Bibl.;
MS. Rawlinson, C. 799;
Adelung, Cust, Łosinski, Moryson, Mundy, Possevino, Zetzner;
IV. [1]. note [14];
VI. note [2].
Possevino, Father (the Jesuit); [51], [310], [402].
Prague; [140].
Psalms; in use by travellers, [44], [64].
"Putting-Out" money (travellers' insurance); [325-7], [357-8];
for mortality among travellers, see under [Illness], and [Robbers].
Quevedo Villegas, F. G. de; quoted, [21], [275], [308].
Rabelais; quoted, [44], [57], [77], [139], [355], [382].
Raleigh, (Sir Walter)'s son abroad with Ben Jonson; [56].
Reresby, Sir John; quoted, [149], [350].
Retz, Cardinal de; quoted, [76], [94].
Riding (see [Communications]); [44], [333];
Bulak asses, [220];
camels, [228-9];
post-horses, [292], [330-1].
Rivadeneyra's "Cisma de Inglaterra" quoted, [41];
life of Loyola quoted, [286], [320].
River-, and Lake-Travel; [79-87];
frequency of, [156];
relatively cheap, [328-9].
Riviera, the; unvisited, and why, [101], [260], [312].
Road-travel (see [Communications], [Luggage] and [Riding]);
inconveniences of, [79], [84], [328-9];
on the way to Jerusalem, [210-30];
transition-stage of, [284-5];
anecdotes (state of the roads, etc.), [285-7], [308-12].
Roanne; starting-point for navigation on the Loire, [79].
Robbers and Murderers (see [Executions]);
in south-eastern Europe, [212], [214], [289];
Arabs, [218], [220], [223], [225], [228-9], [234], [323], [359];
at inns, [272];
highwaymen, [287], [292], [329-30], [348-54], [363];
a by-product of war, [311], [348-54].
Rohan, Duc de (1600); his narrative typical, [33], [119];
quoted, [117].
Rome; as seen by visitors, [108-12], [116], [252], [280], [292], [343], [364], [376];
numbers received into English College there, [28];
Protestants at, [54], [110-1];
hôtel Vasa d'Oro at, [240], [338].
Roos, Lord; [54].
Rösmital, Leo von; [399].
Russia; see [Muscovy].
St. Amant, the French poet; quoted, [303], [304], [307].
St. Malo; guarded at night by savage dogs, [311-2].
Sanderson, John; smuggles mummies, [223].
Sandys, George; quoted, [28], [91], [92], [113], [187], [232], [323-5].
Sarpi, Paolo; quoted, [60].
Sastrow, B.; his autobiography, [20], [403];
quoted, [133], [321], [350-1], [385].
Saumur; [20], [115].
Schaumburg, Wilwolt von; [399].
Schweinichen, Hans von; [399].
Scotland; [5], [124], [127].
—— Bibl.; Brereton, Brown, Cuellar, Moryson, Zetzner.
Scots abroad (see [Lauder] and [Lithgow]); [131] (and note), [274].
Sea-sickness; [12], [59], [63], [77-9].
Sea-travel (see [Channel-crossings], [Levant], [Pirates], [Sea-sickness]);
size of vessels and accommodation, [64], [65];
Eastward-ho! from Venice, [68];
incidental difficulties, [69], [70], [267], [312];
water preferable to land, [70], [71];
daily service, Genoa-Rome (1588), [71];
coasting the usual practice, [71-2];
storms, [11], [74-6];
sorcerers and good weather, [75];
the need of the "charte-partie," [76];
a "funeral" at sea, [93];
Turkish sailors, [197], [201].
—— pilgrim-galley (Venice-Jaffa); arrangements in theory and practice, [66-8], [208], [210];
concerning the date of its cessation, [207-8].
Seville; [172], [174], [281].
Shakespeare's knowledge about Italy, [86], [112], [114];
a conjecture about "Othello," [188];
Rosalind on the cost of travel, [313];
quotations, [154], [222], [307], [363].
Sherley, Sir Anthony; [291], [357].
——, Sir Robert; his many journeys, [13].
Sicily; [113], [147].
Sidney, Sir Philip; abroad, when, where, and why, [27];
quoted, [35], [58], [100], [314], [333], [351].
"Sights"; see [Art], [Bathing], [Executions], [Fairs], [Flagellants], [Galley-slaves], [Games], [Levant], [Locks], [Manners and Customs], [Mechanical devices], [Mines], [Pilgrimage-relics], [Unicorn horns], [Volcanoes], [Women], [Zoos], and names of towns.
Sign-posts; [293-4].
Sigonius, the Italian scholar; could not speak Latin, [48].
Sinigaglia; inn at, finest in Italy, [241].
Smith, Captain John; [294], [385].
Smith, L. P.; his life of Sir Henry Wotton, [104], [405].
Sobieski, Jakób; in France and England, [128-30], [384], [387], [404].
Solre, Comte de (Sieur de Molenbais), [394].
Spain; [162-74], [261-3], [343], [364];
the usual itinerary through, [163];
communications in, [85], [289], [292], [300], [354];
inns, [242], [246-7], [261-3], [278-80];
expenditure in, [337], [340];
coinage, [371].
—— people of; the women, [170];
the men, [171];
few know Latin, [48];
a Spanish dentist, [362].
—— Bibl.; MSS. Rawlinson D. 1286, Harl. 3822, Egerton [311];
Tournay [159];
also Aarssen, Busino, Chiericati, Fanshawe, Farinelli, Fouché-Delbosc, Guzman, Sobieski, Wynn, Zetzner; I. note [3], VII. note [13], VIII. note [42].
Spenser, Edmund; as foreign correspondent, [17].
Spies; qualify for their work by travel, [16];
numerous but not communicative, [17].
Stampes, ——(?); [394].
Strassburg; [119], [133], [152], [286], [288].
Students; (see [Universities], and, [Average Tourist]), [121], [134], [320].
Sweden; [155], [244], [406].
Switzerland; see [Mountaineering].
—— Bibl. MSS. Rawlinson D. [120], B. M. Add. 34[177]; VII. notes [5] and [12].
Symonds, Richard; [393].
Tasso, Torquato; quoted, [141], [303], [382].
Taylor, John (the "water-poet"); [80], [137], [370], [404].
Theology in relation to Travel (see [Pilgrimage]);
as a cause of travel, [24];
a "religious test" for tutors, [53-4];
examples of intolerance, [28], [53], [75], [111-3], [133], [171], [362];
attractions of Mohammedanism, [55-6];
increases the interest of volcanoes, [97];
in Spain, [167].
Thou, J. A. de; accompanies de Foix to Italy, [14];
interview with Sigonius, [48];
nearly drowned on Lake Wallenstadt(?), [81];
quoted, [97], [180], [260], [274], [300], [350].
Tolls and Duties; [320], [328], [336-8].
Touring, [1542-1642]; spread of the idea, [25-30], [158];
bibliography of, [29], [389-91];
estimates of amount of (see [Constantinople], [English abroad], [Ireland], [Pilgrimage], [Scots abroad]), [29], [236];
towns the stopping-places, [101];
hardships of, and their effect (see [Illness]), [102], [163], [173], [179], [223], [242-4], [260], [286], [310-2], [375-6];
official supervision of (see [Passports]), [131], [158], [271-2], [343], [346], [351];
compensations, [377-9].
—— for and against (see [Ideas, modified by travel]);
opinions of Bacon, [3];
of Montaigne, [3], [57];
of Pasquier, [375];
new ideas and knowledge brought home, [14], [140], [378-9];
otherwise unobtainable, [17], [40], [140];
opposition to, [36], [158-9], [373-4];
how far reasonable, [375];
some weak points, [375-7];
tourist-books as a source of knowledge for us, [52], [72], [82], [86], [118-9], [124], [154-6], [162], [175], [189], [193], [202], [213-4], [232], [350].
—— special causes of (see [Average Tourist], [Embassies], [Exile], [Pilgrimage], and [Tourist], types of);
commerce, and lack of means of communication at a distance, [18];
exploration, [18];
difficulty of obtaining information from abroad, [17], [25], [40-3];
current fiction, [22];
theological, [24];
Philip Sidney's reason, [27];
historical, [28], [284];
the chief cause, [34].
Tourist, types of, in 1600 (see under names mentioned in pages here following, and also, [Average Tourist], [Pilgrimage], and [Tutor]);
Subjective, [3-4];
Objective, [4-5];
Perfect, [6];
Philosopher, [7];
Unintentional, [8];
Intolerable, [9];
Feminine, [11-3], [59];
Ambassadorial, [14], [130-1];
mediæval types, and how far they survived, [17-23];
Spy and News-Gatherer, [17];
Commercial, [20], [131], [321];
Vagabond, [21-3], [321];
Exile, [23];
Missionary, [24], [286], [320], [402-3];
Various, [24], [92];
Journalistic, [80].
Transylvania; cheapness of food there, [340].
Travellers and Travelling; see [Tourist] and [Touring].
Turberville, George; on Muscovy, [159].
Turks; relation to European States, [8], [182-9], [197], [204];
Christians' fear of, [22], [85], [113], [117-8], [188];
conversions by, [55-6], [356];
learn navigation from renegades, [73];
Danube mainly a Turkish river, [81];
increase of their sea-power during this period, [106], [184-6];
as seen by tourists, [90], [189-91], [200-2], [269], [343], [346], [360];
their teetotalism, [93], [190], [192];
likeness to the Japanese as contrasted with Christians, [191], [321];
signs of decay, [192];
other characteristics, [90], [189-91], [200-2], [269], [343], [346], [360];
"Khans," [247-50];
coinage used by, [369], [372].
—— their ruler, the Grand Signor; Dallam and, [9];
as an employer, [55];
supposed to possess a complete Livy, [194];
diversions of, [196];
how to see his palace, [196-7];
audiences with, [197].
—— Bibl.; see [Constantinople] and [Jerusalem].
Tutors; [37], [180], [316];
Hentzner as, [43-4];
qualifications, [53];
Ben Jonson as, [56].
Ulm; [120].
Unicorn horns; fact, fiction, and prices, [149], [150].
United Provinces; [116-7], [348];
communications in, [83], [291], [294], [329].
—— people of; [132], [143].
—— Bibl.; Beatis, Bisoni, Brereton, Buchell, Cust, Hagemans, Hoby, Moryson.
Universities (see [Bologna], [Padua], [Saumur], [Students], [Wittenberg]); Alcalá and Salamanca, [48];
Italian ones idealized, [103];
Orleans, [115].
Vagabond; see "[Picaro]."
Valois, Marguerite de; [152];
her litter, [290].
Vargas, Juan de; [405].
Venice; [4], [136], [149], [153], [291], [329], [341], [360-2];
more English there than in the rest of Italy, [28];
as a model State, [100-1];
attractions of, [103-6];
small boys of, [133];
inns of, [252], [274], [276-7].
Verona; [113].
"Vetturino-system"; what it was, [331];
its rise and services, [332-4].
Vienna; [121], [147], [188], [288], [395].
Villamont, Sieur de; quoted, [65], [87], [104], [143], [302], [329], [382].
Villers, MM. de; [365], [383], [395].
Villingen, Pastor Peter, pilgrim to Jerusalem, 1565;
enslaved, [359].
Vinci, Leonardo da; a conversation with, [396].
Volcanoes; [91].
Waller, Edmund; [80].
War; (see [Robbers]); decreases use of Latin, [47];
even distribution of war and peace in this period, [124], [350];
as affecting tourist finance, [348], [364].
Weston, Sir Richard; learns much from the Dutch, [116].
Whetenal, Lady Catherine; [394].
Willes, Dr.; cost of journey, England, Muscovy, [335].
Wilson, Arthur; [63].
Winghe, J. de (of Tournai); [395].
Wittenberg; [121].
Women and Travel; (see [Cecilia], [Clara Eugenia], [Fanshawe], [Johanna], [Whetenal]);
at Rome in 1600, [18];
advice concerning, [59];
in a seven-day Channel-passage, [63];
position of, in Italy and United Provinces, contrasted, [142-4];
Jerusalem "Placets" not granted to, [210];
embarrassments of, when abroad, [269-71];
of Chios, [88-9];
Russian, [161];
Spanish, [170];
Irish, [177-8];
Turkish, [200].
Wotton, Sir Henry; quoted, [26], [71], [154], [299], [329], [341], [347], [349], [356], [405].
Wunderer, Johann David; at Pskov, [162].
Wynn, Sir Richard; [385], [405].
Zeiler, Martin; guide-book to Spain quoted, [48], [351], [364].
Zetzner, Johann Eberhard; [406].
Zinzerling, J.; his itinerary as a guide-book, [46];
quoted, [122], [134], [138], [150], [252], [291].
"Zoos" of Europe; [139], [140], [174], [196].

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Transcriber's Notes

Minor punctuation and printer errors repaired.