—No set rules can be given for caring for every boiler alike—chimney flues are not alike—some have strong draft, some are average and some are weak. There is much more difference in the heat-making qualities of coal than is commonly known, and it is important that the right size coal for the draft be used. These rules apply to most all fuels. A little trying of this way or that way of leaving the dampers (when regulators are not used) often discovers the better way. It is well to vary from the rules a little if any of them do not seem to bring about the best results.
With good, average chimney flue draft and the right kind of fuel, these rules will govern the large majority of cases.
The Economy of Good Draft.
—In many cases a boiler with sluggish draft will burn more coal than a boiler with good draft. In the first case the fuel may be said to “rot”—in lacking air supply the gases pass off unburned. The “nagging” which a boiler has to take under these conditions increases the waste of fuel. A boiler under sharp, strong draft maintains a clear intense fire and burns the gases—getting the larger amount of heat from the coal.
General Firing Rules.
—
1. Put but little coal on a low fire.
2. When adding coal to the boiler, open the smoke-pipe damper (inside the smoke pipe) and close the cold-air check damper. This will make a draft through the feed doorway inward and prevent the escape of dust or gas into the cellar when the feed door is open to take fuel. Put these parts back to their regular places after feeding.
3. When it can be done, in feeding a large amount of coal (as for night) leave a part of the fire or flame exposed, so that the gases may be burned as they arise.