| 1. | The cellular membrane. | 12. | Fibro-cartilage. |
| 2. | Nerves of animal life. | 13. | Muscles of organic life. |
| 3. | Nerves of organic life. | 14. | Muscles of animal life. |
| 4. | Arteries. | 15. | Mucous membrane. |
| 5. | Veins. | 16. | Serous membrane. |
| 6. | Exhalants. | 17. | Synovial membrane. |
| 7. | Absorbents and glands. | 18. | The Glands. |
| 8. | Bones. | 19. | The Dermis. |
| 9. | Medulla. | 20. | Epidermis. |
| 10. | Cartilage. | 21. | Cutis. |
| 11. | Fibrous tissue. |
The "cellular membrane" seems to mean undifferentiated connective tissue; "exhalants" are imperceptible tubes arising from the capillaries and secreting fat, serum, marrow, etc.; the "absorbents and glands" are the lymphatics and the lymphatic glands.
In Bichat's eyes this resolution of the organism into tissues had a deeper significance than any separation into organs, for to each tissue must be attributed a vie propre, an individual and peculiar life. "When we study a function we must consider the complicated organ which performs it in a general way; but if we would be instructed in the properties and life of that organ we must absolutely resolve it into its constituent parts."[39] The tissues have, too, a great importance for pathology, for diseases are often diseases of tissues rather than of organs.[40]
[9] Le Monde végétal, p. 41, Paris, 1907.
[10] Exercitationes de generatione animalium, 1651. For an account of Harvey's work on generation and development, see Em. Rádl's masterly Geschichte der biologischen Theorien, i., pp. 31-8, Leipzig, 1905.
[11] The passage runs:—"Sic natura perfecta et divina nihil faciens frustra, nec quipiam animali cor addidit, ubi non erat opus, neque priusquam esset ejus usus, fecit; sed iisdem gradibus in formatione cujuscumque animalis, transiens per omnium animalium constitutiones (ut ita dicam) ovum, vermem, fœtum, perfectionem in singulis acquirit."
[12] See I. Geoffroy St Hilaire, Essais de Zoologie générale, p. 71, Paris, 1841.
[13] M. Foster, Lectures on the History of Physiology, Cambridge, p. 53, 1901.
[14] Zootomia democritea, Nuremberg, 1645; Antiperipatias, seu de respiratione piscium, Amsterdam, 1661.
[15] Rádl, loc. cit., i., p. 50.