ie as in the Italian siesta.
io. The French io in pioche. Page 426
iu as a final, longer than the English ew. In liu, niu, almost leyew, neyew. In chiung, hsiung, iung, is eeyong (ō in roll).
o. Between vowel-sound in awe and that in roll.
ou. Really êō; ou in round.
ü. The vowel-sound in the French tu, eût.
üa. Only in üan, which in some tones is üen. The ū as above; the an as in antic.
üe. The vowel-sounds in the French tu es.
üo. A disputed sound, used, if at all, interchangeably with io in certain syllables.
u. The oo in too; in un and ung as in the Italian punto.