| CHAP. | PAGE | |
| I. | WANT OF VARIETY A BLEMISH | [1] |
| II. | ORNAMENTAL PLANTING IN WOODLAND | [6] |
| III. | GROUPING OF TREES AND SHRUBS | [8] |
| IV. | HEATHY PATHS IN OUTER GARDEN SPACES | [13] |
| V. | TREES AND SHRUBS IN POOR SOILS | [17] |
| VI. | PRUNING FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS | [19] |
| VII. | PROPAGATION OF HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS | [38] |
| VIII. | A WINTER GARDEN OF TREES AND SHRUBS | [47] |
| IX. | TREES AND SHRUBS WITH BEAUTIFUL CATKINS | [65] |
| X. | AUTUMN COLOURS | [71] |
| XI. | TREES AND SHRUBS WITH FINE FRUITS | [77] |
| XII. | WEEPING TREES AND THEIR USES | [88] |
| XIII. | THE USE OF VARIEGATED TREES AND SHRUBS | [93] |
| XIV. | TREES AND SHRUBS FOR SEA-COAST | [101] |
| XV. | TREES AND SHRUBS FOR WIND-SWEPT GARDENS | [106] |
| XVI. | CONIFERS (INCLUDING PINES) IN ORNAMENTAL PLANTING | [110] |
| XVII. | CARE OF OLD TREES | [129] |
| XVIII. | TREES AND SHRUBS FOR WATERSIDE | [134] |
| XIX. | TREES AND SHRUBS FOR ROCK GARDEN | [138] |
| XX. | REMOVAL OF LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS | [151] |
| XXI. | YOUNG TREES AND SUNSTROKE | [159] |
| XXII. | SHADE TREES FOR STREETS | [163] |
| XXIII. | TREES AND SHRUBS IN SCOTLAND | [166] |
| XXIV. | TENDER SHRUBS AND TREES IN THE SOUTH-WEST | [187] |
| XXV. | TENDER WALL PLANTS IN THE SOUTH-WEST | [208] |
| XXVI. | TREES AND SHRUBS IN IRELAND | [215] |
| XXVII. | HARDY BAMBOOS | [218] |
| XXVIII. | THE HEATHS | [226] |
| XXIX. | NATIVE AND OTHER HARDY EVERGREENS | [240] |
| XXX. | SHRUBS FOR SMALL AND TOWN GARDENS | [251] |
| XXXI. | SHRUB AND FLOWER BORDERS | [257] |
| XXXII. | SHRUBS UNDER TREES | [260] |
| XXXIII. | HARDY SHRUBS IN THE GREENHOUSE | [263] |
| XXXIV. | SHRUB GROUPS FOR WINTER AND SUMMER EFFECT | [283] |
| XXXV. | THE USE OF HARDY CLIMBING SHRUBS | [303] |
| XXXVI. | FLOWERING AND OTHER HEDGES | [324] |
| XXXVII. | PLEACHED OR GREEN ALLEYS | [334] |
| XXXVIII. | THE GARDEN ORCHARD | [338] |
| XXXIX. | THE WORTHY USE OF ROSES | [342] |
| XL. | PLANTING AND STAKING TREES | [353] |
| XLI. | HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS, TABLES OF | [357] |
| INDEX | [489] |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| Cluster Pine (Pinus Pinaster) | [Frontispiece] | ||
| Guelder Rose | [To face page 2] | ||
| Magnolia stellata | " | " | [3] |
| Æsculus parviflora (late July) | " | " | [4] |
| Sloe, Double-Flowered (Prunus spinosa, fl. pl.) | " | " | [5] |
| In the Woodland at Kew | " | " | [6] |
| Wayfaring Tree (Viburnum Lantana) | " | " | [7] |
| Grouping of Shrub and Daffodil | " | " | [10] |
| Natural Grouping of Shrub in Rough Ground | " | " | [11] |
| Shrub and Iris Groups by Woodland | " | " | [14] |
| Azalea Garden at Kew | " | " | [15] |
| Ceanothus azureus at Kew | " | " | [24] |
| Ceanothus azureus, Marie Simon | " | " | [25] |
| Pearl Bush (Exochorda grandiflora) | " | " | [26] |
| Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora (Unpruned) | " | " | [30] |
| Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora | " | " | [31] |
| Tulip Tree at Ranelagh (Winter) | " | " | [46] |
| Lime (Winter Beauty) | " | " | [47] |
| Witch Hazel (Hamamelis japonica, var. zuccariniana) | " | " | [62] |
| Ulmus alata | " | " | [63] |
| Willow, Babylonian by Waterside | " | " | [88] |
| Ash, Weeping | " | " | [89] |
| Weeping Aspen (Populus tremula, var. pendula) | " | " | [90] |
| Weeping Wych Elm | " | " | [91] |
| Elæagnus pungens | " | " | [98] |
| Cornus Mas (var. variegata) | " | " | [99] |
| Taurian Tamarisk (Tamarix tetrandra) in Flower | " | " | [103] |
| Ashes by Water Edge | " | " | [106] |
| Lombardy Poplar | " | " | [107] |
| Corsican Pine Walk | " | " | [110] |
| Araucaria imbricata (Chili Pine) Avenue | " | " | [111] |
| Maidenhair Tree at Frogmore | " | " | [112] |
| Maidenhair Tree at Kew | " | " | [113] |
| Corsican Pine (var. tenuifolia) | " | " | [114] |
| Avenue of Abies (nobilis glauca) | " | " | [118] |
| Cedrus atlantica glauca Avenue | " | " | [119] |
| Libocedrus decurrens (Frogmore) | " | " | [121] |
| Avenue of Yew (Murthly) | " | " | [124] |
| Alders near Water | " | " | [134] |
| White Willow (Salix alba) by Waterside | " | " | [135] |
| Natural Tree Growth by Water (Burnham Beeches) | " | " | [136] |
| Willows by Waterside | " | " | [137] |
| Cistuses and Roses in Rock Garden | " | " | [140] |
| Dwarf Shrubs in Rock Garden | " | " | [141] |
| Ononis fruticosa (Shrubby Rest-Harrow) at Exeter | " | " | [150] |
| Tree in course of Removal | " | " | [151] |
| Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis) | " | " | [164] |
| Cytisus præcox | " | " | [178] |
| A Variety of Mahaleb Cherry (Prunus Mahaleb, var. chrysocarpa) | " | " | [179] |
| Guelder Rose or Snowball Tree | " | " | [184] |
| Wych Elms by Hedgerow | " | " | [185] |
| Edwardsia grandiflora | " | " | [198] |
| Fabiana imbricata | " | " | [199] |
| Pinus Montezumæ | " | " | [204] |
| Pueraria thunbergiana | " | " | [212] |
| Yuccas, Pampas Grass, and Bamboos (Kew) | " | " | [218] |
| Bamboo Garden at Kew | " | " | [219] |
| Erica carnea | " | " | [232] |
| A Grouping of Heaths | " | " | [233] |
| White Scotch Heather (Erica cinerea alba) | " | " | [234] |
| White Mediterranean Heath (Erica mediterranea alba) | " | " | [235] |
| Weeping Holly | " | " | [247] |
| Arbutus Menziesii | " | " | [248] |
| Hibiscus syriacus (Althæa frutex, var. cæruleus) | " | " | [252] |
| Mock Orange (Philadelphus coronarius) | " | " | [253] |
| Tall Evergreen Shrubs in Flower Border | " | " | [258] |
| Spiræa canescens | " | " | [294] |
| Clematis montana over Rough Wall | " | " | [300] |
| Clematis montana over Archway | " | " | [301] |
| Camellia Leaf and Fruit (Outdoors) | " | " | [316] |
| Dutch Honeysuckle on Wall | " | " | [317] |
| Polygonum baldschuanicum over Fir | " | " | [318] |
| Prunus triloba on Sunny Wall | " | " | [319] |
| Old Wistaria at Hampton Court | " | " | [322] |
| Wistaria racemes | " | " | [323] |
| Great Beech Hedge | " | " | [330] |
| Hedge of Maidens' Blush Rose | " | " | [331] |
| Nut Walk | " | " | [334] |
| Old Apple Walk | " | " | [335] |
| Old Mulberry Tree, Syon | " | " | [338] |
| Old Medlar Tree | " | " | [339] |
| Rosa multiflora | " | " | [348] |
| Hybrid Rose Una | " | " | [349] |
| Staking Trees | " | " | [354] |
| Horse Chestnut | " | " | [358] |
| Catalpa or Indian Bean Tree (C. bignonioides) | " | " | [366] |
| Cistus villosus | " | " | [370] |
| Cytisus capitatus | " | " | [373] |
| Moonlight Broom (Cytisus scoparius, var. pallidus) | " | " | [376] |
| A Hybrid Broom (Cytisus kewensis) | " | " | [377] |
| Garland Flower (Daphne Cneorum) | " | " | [382] |
| Erinacea pungens | " | " | [383] |
| May-Flower (Epigæa repens) | " | " | [384] |
| Escallonia philippiana | " | " | [385] |
| Spanish Furze (Genista (Ulex) hispanica) | " | " | [388] |
| Spanish Furze on Rough Slope | " | " | [389] |
| Genista monosperma | " | " | [390] |
| Shoot of Snowdrop Tree (Halesia tetraptera) | " | " | [392] |
| Hydrangeas | " | " | [393] |
| Hydrangea petiolaris | " | " | [394] |
| Kalmia latifolia | " | " | [395] |
| Yulan (Magnolia conspicua) | " | " | [402] |
| Yulan as a Wall Shrub | " | " | [403] |
| Magnolia conspicua, var. soulangeana (late Spring) | " | " | [404] |
| Olearia macrodonta | " | " | [405] |
| Prunus Persica | " | " | [410] |
| Spiræa arguta | " | " | [414] |
| Prunus serrulata | " | " | [416] |
| Prunus padus, fl. pl. | " | " | [417] |
| Pyrus sinaica | " | " | [420] |
| Pyrus spectabilis | " | " | [422] |
| Siberian Crab (Pyrus Malus baccata) | " | " | [423] |
| Pyrus lobata | " | " | [427] |
| Rhododendron arboreum (Hybrid) | " | " | [428] |
| Rhododendron Hybrid (Donegal) | " | " | [429] |
| Rhododendron præcox | " | " | [432] |
| Rhododendron Sapho in Irish Garden (Donegal) | " | " | [433] |
| Californian Poppy (Romneya Coulteri) | " | " | [449] |
| Neillia (Spiræa) opulifolia | " | " | [452] |
| Spiræa lindleyana | " | " | [453] |
| Lilacs | " | " | [456] |
| Standard Lilac | " | " | [457] |
| Viburnum macrocephalum | " | " | [464] |
| Yucca gloriosa in a Surrey Garden | " | " | [466] |
| Yucca filamentosa | " | " | [467] |
| Pterocarya caucasica | " | " | [480] |
| Cork Oak (Quercus Suber) | " | " | [481] |
| Evergreen Oaks | " | " | [482] |
| Dovaston Yew on Steep Bank | " | " | [486] |
TREES AND SHRUBS
CHAPTER I
WANT OF VARIETY A BLEMISH
There is a sad want of variety amongst evergreen and deciduous shrubs in the average English garden. Faith is placed in a few shrubs with a reputation for robbing the soil of its goodness and making a monotonous ugly green bank, neither pleasant to look at nor of any protective value. As one who knows shrubs well and the way to group them says, "Even the landscape gardeners, the men who have the making of gardens—with, of course, notable exceptions—do not seem to know the rich storehouse to draw from." Very true is this. We see evidence of it every day. The mixed shrubbery is fondly clung to as a place for all shrubs, whether flowering or otherwise, and the result is a thicket of growths, a case indeed of a survival of the fittest. There are other shrubs than Privet in this fair world of ours, and as for providing shelter, the wind whistles through its bare stems and creates a draught good for neither man, beast, nor plant. Of the cherry laurel again there is far too much in gardens. Few other plants can stand against its greedy, searching roots, and its vigorous branches and big leaves kill other leaf-growth near them. Grown in the proper way, that is, as an isolated shrub, with abundance of space to develop its graceful branches and brilliant green leaves, the Cherry Laurel is a beautiful evergreen; it is quite happy in shady, half-wooded places. But grown, as it is so often, jammed up and smothering other things, or held in bounds by a merciless and beauty-destroying knife, its presence has not been to the advantage of English gardening.
When the planting season comes round, think of some of the good shrubs not yet in the garden, and forget pontic Rhododendron, Laurel, Aucuba, and Privet. By this is not meant rare shrubs, such as may only be had from the few nurseries of the very highest rank or from those that make rare shrubs a speciality, but good things that may be grown in any garden and that appear in all good shrub catalogues.