| Approximate Cost. | |||
| ——— | |||
| £ | s. | d. | |
| One cutting press, plough, pin and two knives | 1 | 12 | 0 |
| One close tub and cover | 1 | 15 | 0 |
| One stabbing machine | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| One sewing press and keys | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| One pair of millboard shears | 0 | 18 | 6 |
| One pair of shears | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| One paring knife | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| One cutting-out knife | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| One backing hammer | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| One knocking-down iron | 0 | 3 | 6 |
| Two bone folders (thin and thick) | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| One paste tub | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| One glue pot | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Two paste brushes (small and large) | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Two glue brushes (small and large) | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Two pairs of backing boards (octavo and folio) | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| [A]Two pairs of pressing boards (quarto and folio) | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| One iron nipping press, 18 by 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| or | |||
| One wooden nipping press, 18 by 12 | 1 | 15 | 0 |
| One ragstone | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| One sandstone | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| One steel straight-edge | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| One square | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| One wooden trindle | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[A] A few stout millboards of the same size as the wooden pressing boards will be required for placing between the books when more than one book is pressed at a time, the wooden pressing boards being used for the top and bottom books. These can be made by pasting together two tenpenny millboards; line each side with stout smooth paper, trim the edges of the boards, so that they are square.
To repair torn leaves.—Paste the edges of the parts torn very neatly, using a little paste, place a piece of tissue paper under the torn part, carefully join the parts, and place another piece of tissue paper over the joint; then place a piece of paper each side of the leaf, and put a weight upon it until the part is dry, then take away the loose tissue paper.
To insert a loose leaf.—Flatten the back edge of the leaf, then place a strip of paper about 1/8 inch from the edge, and paste that part very neatly, insert it in the book, placing it as close to the back as possible, close the book, and place a weight upon it for about three hours.
To replace books in their covers.—If the cover of a book is sound, the book can be inserted again in the following manner:—If it is necessary, re-sew the book on tapes, put new end papers made with a strip of wide linen in the fold, sew these on the book and trim them, paste the tapes on the end papers, knock up the edges of the book as evenly as possible (as they will not be cut) and glue the back, using the glue sparingly, and place a thin piece of linen round the back extending about 1 inch on each end paper; put the book under a weight until the glue is almost dry, then “round” it and afterwards “back” it slightly; place the book again under a weight until the glue is quite dry, glue the back again, and place the book squarely in the old cover; place a piece of paper round the back of the cover, and rub it down with the bone folder until the back of the cover sticks well to the book. After about three hours the glue will be dry, and the book can then be pasted down; open the covers and paste the end paper facing the board, using the brush from the centre to the edges; close the covers and put the book in the nipping press—the pressing boards should be placed carefully against the grooves and not upon them; leave the book in the press for about twelve hours. When a book does not require re-sewing, new end papers should be made as stated and sewn on the book if it has been sewn on tapes; if the book has not been sewn on tapes, the end papers should be edged on in the same manner as the loose leaf, and in these instances the linen should be placed in the fold of the end papers.
Old books which have been bound in leather generally require repairs to the corners and the back, these being the parts which first show signs of decay. Carefully cut away the ragged edges of the old leather along the joints at the back and also the corners; strip the leather off the back and soak it off if necessary, so that the back is quite clean; also take away the old leather from the corners, lift up the edges of the leather along the joints and also at the corners about 1 inch, turn the leather back, and place a thin piece of wooden trindle under the fold, and pare the edges of the leather neatly; if the millboard at the corners is broken, open the edges and rub in some glue, press the edges together, and, when nearly dry, hammer them flat on the “knocking-down iron,” obtain some leather to match the old binding, put a new back, also corners where necessary, on the book, paring the edges of the leather neatly; after these are quite dry, the edges of the old leather should be pasted down to overlap the new leather; wash any smears of paste away, and press the book lightly in the nipping press; new end papers should be edged in as in the case of the loose leaf: trim them to the size of the book and then paste them down, but with the boards open until they are quite dry; place either a tin or a glazed cardboard inside the covers, and keep the book pressed in the nipping press for about six hours.
