Shell. Irregular, inequivalve, inequilateral, roughly foliaceous, the left or inferior valve adhering, larger and deeper than the other, its summit prolonged with age into a sort of heel; the right or superior valve more or less operculiform; hinge oral, toothless; ligament subinterior, short, inserted in an oblong cardinal cavity increasing with the summit; muscular impression single and subcentral. Found in all seas near the mouths of rivers. Defrance enumerates one hundred and twenty species. Lamarck thirty-three fossil, forty-nine living.
- Ostrea edulis.
- O. ruscuriana.
- O. borealis.
- O. cochlear.
- O. gallina.
- O. lingua.
- O. Braziliana.
- O. rostralis.
- O. denticulata.
- O. cornucopiæ.
- O. doridella.
- O. Limacella.
- O. hippopus.
- O. Adriatica.
- O. cristata.
- O. numisma.
- O. tulipa.
- O. scabra.
- O. parasitica.
- O. spathulata.
- O. cucullata.
- O. rubella.
- O. erucella.
- O. labrella.
- O. radiata.
- O. Canadensis.
- O. mytiloides.
- O. trapezina.
- O. rufa.
- O. gibbosa.
- O. eliptica.
- O. deformis.
- O. plicatula.
- O. fusca.
- O. cristagalli.
- O. virginica.
- O. excavata.
- O. simuata.
- O. tuberculata.
- O. Magaritacea.
- O. Australis.
- O. haliotidæa.
- O. fucorum.
- O. glaucina.
- O. turbinata.
- O. folia.
- O. hyotis.
- O. imbricata.
- · · · · ·
- O. semicylindrica.*
2. Genus Gryphæa. Pl. [IX].
Animal. Unknown.
Shell. More finely lamellated than in the Ostrea, free, or slightly adhering, subequilateral, very inequivalve; the inferior valve very concave, with a summit more or less recurved in a hook; the superior opiculiform and much smaller; hinge toothless; ligament inserted in an elongated and arcuated cavity; a single muscular impression. Habitation unknown. One species.
- Gryphæa augulata.
3. Genus Vulsella. Pl. [IX].
Animal. Body elongated and compressed; mantle much prolonged posteriorly, and edged with two rows of very close tubercular papillæ; a moderately large abdominal foot, proboscidiform, canaliculated, without byssus; a very large transversal mouth with well-developed triangular labial appendages; branchiæ narrow, very long, and united in nearly all their extent.
Shell. Subnacred, irregular, flat, elongated, subequivalve, inequilateral, with summits anterior, distant and flexed inferiorly; hinge oral and toothless; ligament undivided, thick, inserted in a round pit excavated in a projecting apophysis upon each valve; a moderately large subcentral muscular impression, and two very small ones altogether anterior. Inhabits the Indian and Australasian seas. Six living species. One fossil.
- Vulsella hians.
- V. rugosa.
- V. spongiarum.
- V. lingulata.
- V. mytilina.
- V. ævata.