[5] “Malabar,” 1887, i. 140–1.

[6] The Kaniyan, when wanted in his professional capacity, presents himself with triple ash marks of Siva on his chest, arms, and forehead.

[7] “Gazetteer of Malabar,” 1908, i. 130.

[8] C. Gopalan Nair, Malabar Series, “Wynad, its People and Traditions,” 1911, 70–1.

[9] Madras Museum Bull., 1901, iii., No. 3, 273–4.

[10] “Birds of India,” 1877, i. 216–7.

[11] The Dusserah or Dasara is also known as Sarasvati pūja or Ayudha pūja (worship of weapons or tools). See p. 174.

[12] Madras Weekly Mail, 8th August, 1907.

[13] “History of Railway Thieves,” 1904.

[14] The Koravas are professional burglars.