For an input-preparation device, we may get something that can be fastened to an ordinary typewriter and that will produce magnetic tape agreeing with what is printed by the typewriter. Since the input information must be carefully verified, we shall need a second magnetic tape device such as exists for paper tape on the Bell Laboratories machine: the processor. The processor takes two hand-prepared tapes, compares them, reports any differences, and produces a third tape. The third tape copies the two original tapes if they agree, and it receives corrected information as furnished by a girl at a keyboard if the two original tapes disagree.
For information already on punch cards, we need an input device that will read punch cards and write on magnetic tape. Where information is on punched paper tape, we need a machine that will read punched paper tape and write on magnetic tape.
Problem data, tables of numbers, and routine instructions will go into the mechanical brain. They will all be prepared on regular input devices. The machine will accept information in the form in which it is most convenient for you and me to prepare it. Then, the machine will be instructed to change the information into the form with which it is most convenient for the machine to operate.
Many output devices will also be needed, since the machine will be able to produce information very swiftly. These output devices might be cabled to the machine. A kind of traffic control system would govern them. Each will have a magnetic tape that will be loaded up swiftly with information. Then the output device will unload its information more slowly, in any form that we may desire: printing, graphs, film, punch cards, or punched paper tape.
The machine is likely to be able to put out information on magnetic tape at the same high speed of 60,000 units of information per second or 10,000 characters per second. But the best printing speed of an electric typewriter is about 10 or 12 characters a second. Card-punching speed is about 130 characters a second. Punch-card tabulator speed can reach a maximum of about 200 characters a second. Thus we see that here, too, we may be snowed under with the information that the giant brain puts out, if we fail to ask the giant only for what we really want.
MECHANICAL BRAINS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
This chapter would not be complete without mention of the great mechanical brains that were actually under construction at the end of 1947. In power they are intermediate between the machinery now being designed, described in this chapter, and the earlier machines described in the previous chapters of this book.
The mechanical brains under construction on December 31, 1947, were:
Harvard’s Sequence-Controlled Relay Calculator Mark II, constructed at the Harvard Computation Laboratory, tested there July 1947 to January 1948, and delivered to the Naval Proving Ground, Dahlgren, Va., in 1948.
The IBM Selective-Sequence Electronic Calculator, constructed in the IBM laboratories, Endicott, N. Y., and installed in 1947 at the office of International Business Machines, 590 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.