end-around-carry
The correction “less 1000 plus 1” of the foregoing example may be thought of as carrying the 1 (in the result 1388) around from the left-hand end to the right-hand end, where it is there added. So the 1 is called end-around-carry.
tens complement
Two digits that add to 10 are called tens complements of each other. The tens complement of a number a, however, is equal to the nines complement of the number plus 1. For example, the tens complement of 173 is 827. When subtracting by adding a tens complement, the left-most digit 1 in the result is dropped. For example, 562 less 173 (equal to 389) is the same as 562 plus 827 (equal to 1389) less 1000.
power, square, cube, reciprocal, etc.
A power of any number a is a multiplied by itself some number of times. a × a × a ... × a where a appears b times is written aᵇ and is read a to the bth power. a², a to the 2nd power, is a × a and is called a squared or the square of a. a³, a to the 3rd power, a × a × a, is called a cubed, or the cube of a. a⁰, a to the zero power, is equal to 1 for every a. a¹, a to the power 1, is a itself. The first power is often called linear. a to some negative power is the same as 1 divided by that power; that is, a⁻ᵇ = 1/aᵇ. a⁻¹, a to the power minus 1, is 1/a, and is called the reciprocal of a. a¹ᐟ², a to the one-half power, is a number c such that c × c = a, and is called the square root of a and often denoted by √a.
table, tabular value, argument, etc.
An example of a table is:
| 0.025 | 0.03 | |
| 1 | 1.02500 | 1.03000 |
| 2 | 1.05063 | 1.06090 |
| 3 | 1.07689 | 1.09273 |
The numbers in the body of the table, called tabular values, depend on or are determined by the numbers along the edge of the table, called arguments. In this example, if 1, 2, 3 are choices of a number n, and if 0.025, 0.03 are choices of a number i, then each tabular value y is equal to 1 plus i raised to the nth power. n and i are also called independent variables, and y is called the dependent variable. The table expresses a function or formula or rule. The rule could be stated as: add i to 1; raise the result to the nth power.