We must not forget to notice the opening of the shoe manufacture in the city, which gives employment to a considerable number of persons of both sexes: nor must we overlook the starch and mustard works of Messrs. Colman.
Appended is a brief statement of the particular branches to which the principal factories are devoted:—Messrs. Middleton and Answorth, and Messrs. Bolingbroke, are famed for their poplins, and for the production of crinoline—the material being horsehair from South America. Messrs. Clabburn, for fillover long shawls, by a patented process, which gained the Paris Exhibition medal. Messrs. Willett and Nephew—paramattas, and many plain and fancy fabrics. Messrs. Grout and Co. (also of Yarmouth and Bungay)—silk crape. Mr. Geary and Mr. Sultzer, cotton fabrics—the latter establishment also carries on the winding of cotton on reels. Messrs. Blake and Mr. Jay—spinning of woollen and mohair yarns. Messrs. Towler and Co., and Messrs. Rowling and Allen—plain and fancy fabrics. Mr. G. Allen—woven silk for gloves. Messrs. Hinde—bareges and paramattas.
Other important departments of trade, too numerous to be enumerated, are also carried on; such as sacking, tobacco, brushes, egg-flour, artificial manures, &c., &c.
PLACES OF WORSHIP.
CHURCHES.
We have already alluded to the fact, that in the reign of William the Conqueror there were 45 city churches; and it appears from an inventory of the ornaments in the churches of the Norwich archdeaconry—commenced by William de Swyneflete in 1368, and continued to about 1419—that at that period there were 55 churches in use, exclusive of the Cathedral and conventual churches, besides the following which had then been desecrated or annexed to other parishes: St. Wyndwall, or Catherine in Newgate, (consolidated with All Saints, the parish being nearly depopulated by the plague in 1349), St. Olave’s Chapel, St. Michael Conisford, St. John the Evangelist, St. Cuthbert, St. Matthew, St. Christopher (united with St. Andrew), and St. Anne. Of the 55 then in use, the following, however, have long ceased to exist as parish churches; St. Botolph, St. Margaret Newbridge, St. Mary Combust, St. Margaret Colegate, St. Olave, (the two last named were taken down and consolidated with St. George at Colegate), St. Cross, St. Bartholomew (united with St. John at Sepulchre), St. Michael, (Ber Street,) St. Edward, St. Clement Conisford, St. Vedast, and St. Mary Parva (now the French Church). St. Mary in the Marsh was desecrated in 1653, and the parishioners have since used St. Luke’s Chapel, in the Cathedral.
We append a statement of all the edifices now standing, in connection with the Established Church, commencing of course with
THE CATHEDRAL.
The present structure is considered by some to be mainly the work of Bishop Alnwyck, temp. 1430, and this prelate is generally supposed to have completed the cloisters—one of the finest quadrangles in the kingdom, commenced by Ralph de Walpole in 1297. The edifice is principally in the Norman style. The nave is divided into fourteen semi-circular arches; its roof is attributed to Walter Lyhart, the second bishop after Alnwyck. The large west window has recently been filled in with stained glass, as a memorial to Bishop Stanley. The nave itself contains the tombs or monuments of Chancellor Spencer, Bishop Nix, Bishop Parkhurst, Dean Gardiner, Sir James Hobart, (Attorney-General to Henry VIII.) and Bishop Stanley; while in the church are the monuments of Bishops Goldwell (1472) and Bathurst. Attached to the Cathedral were several chapels, but these have mostly been demolished. The interior generally suffered much defacement at the hands of the iconoclasts of the 16th and 17th centuries; in 1740 the nave and aisles were repaired, and in 1806 the whole fabric was restored and beautified.
The present bishop—appointed in 1857—is the Right Rev. J. T. Pelham, D.D. Dean—the Hon. and Very Rev. G. Pellew, D.D. Archdeacons—Norwich, Ven. R. E. Hankinson; Norfolk, Ven. W. A. Bouverie; Suffolk, Ven. T. J. Ormerod. Canons—Revs. M. Wodehouse, A. Sedgwick, G. Archdall, and H. Philpott; besides 23 honorary and 4 minor canons.