[Inf. xix. 52-57, 76-78; xxvii. 70-111; Purg. viii. 131; xx. 85-90; xxxii. 153-156; Par. ix. 126; xii. 90; xvii. 50; xxvii. 22; xxx. 148.]

B. Benedict xi, 1303-1304.

[Epist. i. 1. Nowhere else mentioned in Dante’s works, though some identify him, rather than Boniface, with the ‘defunct high-priest’ of Epist. viii. 10.]

Clement v, 1305-1314.

[Inf. xix. 82-87; Purg. xxxii. 157-160; Par. xvii. 82; xxvii. 58; xxx. 142-148; Epist. v. 10; vii. 7; viii. 4.]

John xxii, 1316-1334.

[Par. xviii. 130-136; xxvii. 58.]

EMPERORS

Rudolph of Hapsburg, 1273-1291.

[Purg. vi. 103; vii. 94-96; Par. viii. 72; Conv. iv. 3.]