Seventhly: port-charges and other exactions were not defined and fixed, but they generally amounted to not less than three and a half (Spanish) dollars per ton.

Eighthly: Presents were expected, and in fact exacted, from the king to the lowest custom-house officer, according to the usages of Asiatics; there were but a few vessels that did not pay upward of a thousand dollars, if they had a valuable cargo. The difference, therefore, in exactions and impositions, prior and subsequent to the conclusion of the treaty, may be stated on a vessel of two hundred and fifty tons, having a twenty-five feet beam, as follows: The duties, formerly, were from eight to fifteen per cent. on imports; the average rate was not less than ten per cent.

Now, on a cargo of $40,000, it would give the sum of$4,000
Add to this $1,50 per pecul on sugar exported, which was equal, at the lowest calculation, to twenty-five per cent., on $40,000, which gives10,000
Also, $3,50 per ton for charges975
And presents, say1,000
If there is added the difference in the sale of the imported cargo to the king or to individuals, the estimate cannot be less than twenty per cent., and probably twice that amount would not cover the loss,8,000
Add to this an additional price paid to the king on the produce exported, say it was twenty per cent., is8,000
Three months’ charter, arising from detention, at $900 per month2,700
Three months’ loss of interest is600
$35,275
From this amount deduct the single charge of 1,700 ticals per each Siamese fathom on the breadth of vessels bringing merchandise. If only specie were brought, 1,500 ticals.
Sixty-eight thousand ticals at sixty-one cents, on seventy-five feet beam, is4,275
Making a difference of not less than$31,000

The result is, that the treaty has secured to us a valuable branch of commerce which was entirely destroyed, and which will continue to increase vastly, as the Siamese recover from the serious disasters which resulted from the inundation of the valley of the Menam, for upward of three months, during the year 1831.

Exports from the river Menam (Siam) during the year 1832, showing the quantity and market value of each article.

NAMES OF EXPORTS.QUANTITY.PRICES.
Pepper,38,000 peculs,10 ticals per pecul.
Sugar, 96,000 peculs,15,000 1st sort,8 do. do.
60,000 2d do.7 a. 7½ do. do.
20,000 3d sort,6 a. 6½ ticals per pcl.
1,000 Preto or black,2½ a. 3½ do. do.
Sugar candy,5,000 peculs,15 16 do. do.
Tin, 1,600,000 lbs.,1,200 do.20 22 do. do.
Tobacco,3,500 do.100 bundles, 4 ticals.
Benzoin,100 do.50 a. 55 peculs.
Cardamom, 73,150 lbs.,550 1st sort,100 a. 360 a. 380.
do. 2d do.150 a. 280 300.
3d do.300 200 220.
Ivory, 40,000 lbs.,300 peculs,160 a. 180.
Bar-iron, 2,260,000 lbs.,20,000 do.3½ a. 4.
Kwalahs or iron pans, 60,000,1st size,4 ticals per peculs.
2d do.3 do. do.
3d do.2½ do. do.
4th do.2 do. do.
5th do.2 do. do.
6th do.1½ do. do.
7th do.1¼ do. do.
Aguils or eagle-wood,10 a. 12 do.1st sort, 400 ticals.
2d and 3d, 250 and 200.
Cotton,30 a. 40,00026 clear, 8 in seed.
Swallows’ nest, (esculent,)10 a. 121st sort, 10,000.
2d do. 6,000.
3d do. 4,000.
Bichos do Mar or Tripang,
Camphire, Malayan,
Wax, yellow,1,800, do.55 a. 60.
Gamboge,250, 6 quantities averaging from 40 to 80 p. p.
Varnish,500,50 per pecul.
Salt,8,000 peculs,2½ a. 3½ per pecul.
Dried fish,60,000,3 a. 4 do.
Sapan-wood,200,000,from 1 a. 3½ salings per pec.
Teak-timber,127,000 logs,
Rose-wood,200,000 peculs,3 salings per pecul.
Barks, Mangrove, &c.,200,000 bundles,6 ticals per 100 bundles.
Leather, Deer,100,000,20 a. 25 per 100.
Iron-wood, (ebony)1,500 peculs,2½ peculs.
Dried meat,1,600,6 per do.
Copper300,50 a. 55.
Rhinoceros skins,not ascertained.
Buffalo do.1,500,8 a. 10.
Ox do.300,7 a. 8.
Elephant do.not ascertained.
Tiger do.do.
Leopard do.do.
Bear do.do.
Snake do.do.
Civet-cat do.do.
„ „ Drug,not ascertained.
Dragons’ blood,do.
Sharks’ fins,65 to 70 peculs,a. 65 per peculs.
Buffalo and ox horns,300 do.3 a. 4 per do.
Deers’ antlers, do. soft,26,000 pairs,1½ a. 2 ticals per pair.
do. horns, do.3,000 peculs,8 a. 9 per pecul.
Ox and Buffalo bones,300,1 do.
Elephant do.450,7 do.
Rhinoceros do.do.
do. horns,do.
Tiger, the entire bodies for China market,56 a. 60 do.
Peacock’s tails,1,200 trains,7 a. 8 per pecul.
Raw silk, (from Lao)200 peculs,200 ticals per do.
Rough pitch,10,000,3 to 8 do. do.
Wood oil,15,000,3 to 6 do. do.
Takan, an inferior or bastard Cardamom,4,000,32 to 40 do. do.
Feathers,4,000 pairs of wings,65 a. 100 do. do.
Large feathers for fans,100 to 150 pairs,30 ticals per pecul.
Fish skins,1,800 peculs,30 do. do.
Jagra or palm-sugar,150,000 pots,4 to 6 pots 1 tical.
Rattans,200,000 bundles,4 ticals per 100 bundles.

The foregoing is the quantity ascertained by the government for 1832, to which may be added a considerable quantity for each article smuggled, and principally by the Chinese. The exports, therefore, for the year 1832, taking the foregoing statement to be correct, amount to a sum not less than four and a half millions of dollars.

CHAPTER XXI.

DEPARTURE FROM BANG-KOK FOR SINGAPORE—SINGAPORE—COMMERCE—BUGIS—MARITIME LAWS—DEPARTURE FROM SINGAPORE—STRAITS OF GASPAR—ISLAND OF JAVA—POPULATION OF JAVA—CLOTHING—DYING—STAMPING—FRUITS—BIRDS.