Why should the dabchick, after the hatching of its eggs, leave its own nest, in which it has hitherto sat, and sit in those of another bird? I examined the nest thus deserted, and found it to be sinking down in the water, which was still more the case with some other and older ones. This, I believe, is the answer to the above question. The bird’s own nest is no longer quite comfortable, and others are to hand which are more so. Having stayed, therefore, as long as its incubatory instinct prompts it to, it resorts to these, and being no longer tied to one, uses several. But a habit at one time of the year, might be extended to another time, and if certain dabchicks were to take to sitting in the nests of moorhens, before they had made their own, some of these birds, whose nest-building instinct was weaker than in most, or who, finding themselves in a nest, imagined that they had made it themselves—which, I think, is possible—might conceivably lay their eggs there. It would then, in my opinion, be more likely that the usurping bird should remain, and hatch out, possibly, with its own, some one or more eggs of the bird it had dispossessed, than that the contrary process should come about.[34] However, the first business of a field naturalist (“and such a one do I profess myself”) is to make out what does occur, and this I have tried to do.
I think it curious that neither of the two pairs of birds that I watched, hatched out, apparently, more than three of their eggs. The first pair certainly did not, and I saw the fourth egg in the nest of the second, after the birds had left it for another one, though my notes do not make it clear if it continued to lie there or not. I think it did not, but, at any rate, I never could make out more than three chicks together, with either one or both of the birds. It struck me that, after the family had left the nest, there was a tendency for the parents to divide, one taking two chicks, and the other the remaining one, since they could not take them two and two. It interested me, therefore, to come, now and again, on one of another pair of dabchicks, sitting in the nest—or a nest—with one half-grown chick only. Whenever I saw them, this dabchick and one chick were always by themselves. The question arises whether it is usual for only three out of the dabchick’s four eggs to be hatched out. But whether this is possible, or why, if it is, it should be so, I do not know.
INDEX
INDEX
- Animals, mysterious faculties possessed by, [290], [291]
- Animal world, the, its existence ignored by writers on psychical subjects, [294]
- Antics, possible origin of some kinds of, [184], [185], [191-193]
- Artists, leave the fenlands alone, [3]
- Australian parrakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus), roosting habits of, [5], [6]
- Australian swan, nest-building actions of the, [174]
- Birds, roosting habits of, [5], [6]
- Song of, at dawn, [74], [75]
- Chases à trois of, [109], [110]
- Nuptial rite performed habitually on nest by some, [181]
- Some peculiarities in the fighting of, [185]
- Mixture of pugnacity and timidity in, [191]
- Their delight in nest-building, [199], [200];
- false ideas on this subject, [199], [200]
- Parental love in; from what period does it date? [208], [209]
- Parental affection and instinct of incubation; are they distinct? [208]
- Performance of parental duties by male; in what originating? [208-211]
- Male feeding female, remarks on, [210], [211]
- Nebbing or billing, origin of habit in, [211-213]
- More interesting questions in regard to, avoided by ornithologists, [210]
- Kiss in proper sense of the word, [211-213]
- Collect insects, &c., to feed young, [216]
- Sexual relations of, [234-236]
- Permanent unions of, [265]
- Power of expression in, [274]
- Cries of, definite significance falsely attributed to, [278]
- Maternal ruses practised by, [279];
- suggested origin of these, [181], [279], [280]
- Our commoner ones related to foreign species with interesting habits should be more closely observed, [286], [287]
- “Bird Watching,” referred to, [127], [128], [158], [175], [181], [253]
- Blackbirds, roosting note of, [4], [5]
- Variety of notes of, [4], [5]
- Alarm-note, so-called, of, [5]
- Strange actions of, in construction of nest, [173], [174]
- Hen alone observed to build by author, [206];
- cock seen to, also, by Mr. Dewar, [206];
- transition process probable; but which way? [206], [207]
- Cock does not incubate, [207]
- But helps feed the young, [208]
- Blue-Tit, movements of, compared with those of long-tailed tit, [17]
- Note of, [18]
- Steals materials from blackbird’s nest, to build with, [205]
- Bower, the, may have grown out of the nest, [70];
- or out of the cleared space where some birds meet to court, &c., [70]
- Bower-Birds, possible origin of bowers, &c., of, [64-70]
- Cat, effects of a, on author’s observations, [265], [268]
- Chaffinch, hen demolishes the nest of golden-crested wren, [205]
- Hen alone observed to make nest, [205]
- Nest-building actions of hen, [205], [206]
- Cheerful constitution, a, a good thing but not a good argument, [231]
- Children, death of, in quantity not affecting, [153]
- Cinnabar moth caterpillar, pupating habits of, [15]
- Ignored by fowls, [15]
- May offer example of warning coloration, [15]
- Coal-Tit, feeds on spruce-buds, [16];
- and on larch-buds, [16]
- Note of, [16]
- Motions of, [16]
- Extracts seeds from fir-cones, [18], [19]
- Possible origin of name, [19], [20]
- Nesting habits of, [194-197]
- Flies directly into nest, [195], [196]
- Composition of nest of, [197]
- Size of nest of, [197]
- Commensalism, possible origin of, [120], [121]
- Coot, change of coloration in the, [276]
- Has become more aquatic than moorhen, [285]
- Dives better than moorhen, [285]
- Bathes floating on water, [285]
- Cow-birds, their habit of destroying their own, and foster-parents’, eggs, [273]
- Cuckoo, comes late in April, [92]
- Playground of, [93], [94], [97], [98]
- Nuptial and social sportings of, [93-95]
- Various notes of, [95], [96]
- Does the male only say “cuckoo”? [96], [102], [103];
- difficulty of making sure of this, [102], [103];
- some evidence on the subject, [104], [105]
- Tune of, changed before June, [96];
- the old rhyme about, not trustworthy, [96]
- Manner of feeding of, [98], [99]
- Becoming nocturnal, [99], [100]
- Persecuted by small birds, [100], [101]
- Possible relations to, of small birds, [100], [101]
- Not confounded by small birds with hawk, [101], [102]
- Dabchicks, haunt the river Lark, [261]
- Eleven together seen on Lark in winter, [261]
- Fascination in becoming acquainted with, [261]
- Curious note of, [262-264];
- and what it suggests, [262];
- is not “whit” but “queek,” [263], [264]
- Grande Finale of, [262], [263]
- Matrimonial duet of, [263], [299], [300], [303], [305], [314], [315];
- and what it expresses, [263-265];
- is performed summer and winter, [299], [300]
- Mate for life, [263], [265]
- Observations on a pair of, at Tuddenham, [296-306]
- Domestic habits of, [296-320]
- Additions to nest by, after apparent completion and during incubation, [297-299], [301]
- Such additions seem unnecessary, [301]
- Leap on to nest of, [297], [302]
- Removal of weed from eggs by, [297], [299], [303]
- Nest of, described, [298]
- Close sitting of, on occasions, [298]
- Eggs sometimes left uncovered by, [298], [299], [300], [303], [304]
- Change on the nest of the, [299], [301], [304]
- Difficulty in eluding observation of, [299]
- Habit of covering eggs of, seems fluctuating and unintelligent, [300];
- probable origin of the habit, [300]
- Chicks fed by parents with weed, [301], [302], [304], [307], [308], [311]
- Chicks ride on parent’s back, [302], [303], [304]
- Jump up on to nest, with young on back, [302], [303], [305]
- Sit still in water as though on nest, [303], [305]
- Family scenes, [303], [305], [311]
- Three chicks on parent’s back, [304]
- One egg out of the four laid by, left unhatched, [305], [306], [307], [319], [320]
- Pair of, observed from pair of Hatherley steps, [306]
- Chicks divided between parents after leaving nest for good, [307], [320]
- Subdivision of parental labour in, [307]
- Assiduous feeding of chicks by male, [307]
- “Peep, peep” of, whilst feeding young, [308]
- Chicks sit under parent’s wing, on back, [308], [309], [313]
- Natural hollow on back of, for chicks to sit in, [308], [309]
- Chicks rarely sit in true nest with parent except on back, [309]
- “Dearest chuck,” note of, [309]
- Invisibility of chicks on parent’s back, [310]
- Parent dives with three chicks on back, [310-312]
- Chicks prefer mother’s back, [312], [313];
- and mount male’s with more difficulty, [312]
- Back of, as seat for young, [313]
- Chicks striped like tigers, [313]
- Discovery made in regard to, [313]
- “Chook-a, chook-a,” note of, [314]
- Moorhen’s nest used by, to sit in with chicks, [314-318];
- probable origin of this habit, [319]
- Darwin, views of, as to origin of music, [10], [11];
- ignored by the late Mr. F. W. H. Myers, [10]
- Attributes colours of tiger, leopard, jaguar, &c., to sexual selection, [44], [45]
- “Laudetur et alget,” [45]
- Fenlands, charm of the, [3]
- Fieldfare, scolding of, [4]
- Firs, planted near Icklingham fifty years ago, [4]
- Frank Buckland, his brown paper parcel, [85]
- His half-part edition of White’s “Selborne,” [85]
- Gilbert White on House-Martins, [243], [249], [251], [252];
- unfair treatment of, [259], [260]
- Great Crested Grebe, consummates nuptial rite on the nest, [68]
- Great Tit, movements of, compared to those of long-tailed tit, [17]
- Green Woodpecker, nest of, often seized by the starling, [129];
- is not much the worse for this, [130], [131];
- possible result of such deprivation, [131], [132]
- Feeds on ants, [31]
- Ants, how procured by, [219], [230]
- Young of, fed by regurgitation, [31], [217], [218]
- Does not bring insects in beak to young, [216], [217]
- Almost wholly an ant eater, [218-221]
- Contents of excrements of, [220], [221]
- Almost as salient an instance of changed habits as Darwin’s La Plata woodpecker, [220]
- Ant diet of, related to regurgitation of food in feeding young, [221]
- Must mate for life, [221]
- Conjugal habits in winter, [221], [222]
- Tail not required as support, [222]
- A fighter, though the contrary has been stated, [223]
- Spring tide activities of, account of, [224-238]
- Hostile demonstrations of, [225]
- Its method of fighting, [226-230], [233], [237]
- Fighting actions of, have become stereotyped, [227-230]
- Sexual relations of, [233], [234], [236], [237]
- Divergence of habits of, from those of the family, [236], [237]
- Ant-eating habits of, [236], [237]
- How does it roost? [237]
- Hatherley steps make good observatory for watching birds, [306], [307]
- Heart of man, Chinese proverb in regard to, [286]
- Hedge-Sparrow, steals building material from blackbird’s nest, [205]
- Heron, cries, &c., uttered by, [72], [73], [75], [76], [77], [79]
- Nuptial flight of, [73], [80], [81]
- Uncouth appearance of, [73], [74], [81], [82]
- Ordinary flight of, [74]
- Domestic habits of, [72-80]
- Change on the nest, the, [75-78]
- Sits firm in a hurricane, [78], [79]
- A close sitter, [79]
- Watchfulness of, [79], [80]
- Descent of pair on to nest, [80]
- Can rise with single flap, [82]
- Eats frogs, moles, mice, shrews, &c., [82], [83]
- Its manner of catching and eating fish, [83], [84], [119]
- Delicacy of beak, [84]
- Beak of, compared with human hand, [84]
- Serratures in beak, [84]
- Serrated claw of, how used, [84-86]
- Management of large eel by, [85], [86]
- Supposed filament of, [86]
- Stalks his prey, [87]
- Settling on nest, [87], [88]
- Sometimes overbalances in catching fish, &c., [83]
- Heronry, a, near Icklingham, [72]
- The awakening of the, [72], [73]
- Historians, their song to an old tune, [231]
- Hooded-Crow, common in West Suffolk during winter, [51]
- Called “carrion crow” by the people, [51]
- Feeding habits of, [51], [52], [55]
- Haunt open warren lands, [51]
- Mingle with rooks, [52], [58]
- Disagreements of, with rooks, [52-54]
- Fighting methods of, [54]
- Rules of precedence of, when feeding in company, [53]
- Gregarious instincts of, compared with those of rooks, [54], [55]
- May sometimes roost with rooks, [55]
- Eats thistle roots, [56]
- Mysterious relations of, with rooks, [58-60]
- One seen flying with peewits, [127]
- House-Martin, domestic habits of, [239-259]
- Nest building of, [240-243], [246-248]
- Musical meetings of, [242-244], [253], [256]
- Gilbert White’s reference to slow rate of building of, [243], [249];
- his explanation of this not the true one, [243], [249]
- Possible intercommunal marriages of, [244], [245]
- Sexual relations of, [244], [245], [252], [253], [255], [256], [259]
- Oppressed by sparrows, [243-246], [248]
- Quick building of nest of, [245], [249]
- Social and communistic relations of, [248], [250], [251], [252], [259]
- Fighting of, [248]
- Apparent inability to resist sparrows, [248]
- Suggested explanation of this, [248], [249]
- Builds nest on site of old one, [249];
- curious fact in relation to this, [249], [250]
- Young, feeding of, [253-257]
- Young, fed by regurgitation, [254-258]
- Insects, how caught by, [258];
- and how brought to young, [257-259]
- Icklingham, where situated, [1], [3]
- The country about, [1], [2], [4]
- Some seven miles from the fenlands, [56]
- Incubation, is instinct of, differentiated from parental love? [208]
- Instinct, may sometimes have grown out of mere mechanical movements, [179-180], [184], [185], [300], [301];
- evidence in regard to this, [180], [181]
- Resulting from lapsed intelligence, [185]
- “Intimations of immortality,” supposed, [10]
- Jackdaws, seem conscious of their superiority when with rooks, [54]
- Decorate their nests, [68]
- Jaguar, theory of protective colouring in regard to, questioned, [43], [44]
- Kestrel flying with peewits, [127]
- Kissing, origin of, in man probably utilitarian, [211-213]
- In relation to birds, [211-213]
- Landseer, false criticism of, [88], [89]
- Masterpiece of, removed from the National Gallery, [89]
- Larks, various ways of mounting and descending of, [107], [108]
- Individual variety in flight of, [108]
- Winter ways of, [108], [109]
- Piping note in winter of, [109]
- Song in February of, [109]
- Chases à trois of, [109]
- Change locality according to season, [110]
- Leopard, theory of protective colouring in regard to, questioned, [43], [44]
- Lesser Spotted Woodpecker brings collection of insects in beak to feed young, [216]
- Lion, theory of protective colouring in regard to, questioned, [43]
- Long-tailed Tit, roosting habits of, [6]
- Movements of, [16-18];
- compared with those of blue tit, [17], [18]
- Aerial forced march of, [17]
- Note of, [18]
- Nest-building habits of, [198-204]
- Origin of dome of nest of, [199];
- and of entrance to, [200], [201], [203]
- Uniform way of entering and leaving nest of, [200]
- Contortionist powers of, [202], [204]
- Approaches and leaves nest by one set path, [202], [203]
- The “sweep” up to nest of, [203]
- Man, the chief animal in this world only, [295]
- Maternal affection, beauty of, [214]
- All hail to, [216]
- Mellersh, Mr., letter of, to Standard about starlings referred to, [160]
- Migration, facts of, marginal reference to, [290]
- Missel-Thrush, harsh strident note of, [4]
- Puts a peewit to flight, [123]
- Skirmishes of, with stone-curlews, [123], [124]
- Retreats with honour, [124]
- Moorhen, haunts the river Lark, [261]
- Pair of, built yearly in author’s pond, [265]
- Supernumerary nests made by, [265-269]
- Sits in two or more nests, [266-269]
- Bathing habits of, [267]
- Special bathing-places of, public and private, [267]
- Pronounced habit of over-building of, [269]
- Destruction of its own eggs by, [269-273];
- possible explanation of this habit, [272], [273];
- may be compared with that of the cow-birds of America, [273]
- Continued building of nest by, during incubation and rearing of young, [273]
- Due, probably, to a blind impulse, [273], [274]
- Legs of, gartered in male alone, [275]
- Triple successive coloration of the cere in, [275]
- Difficulty of explaining this, [275], [276]
- Precocity of young, [276], [277]
- Fear of man in the newly-hatched chick, [277]
- Carries shell of hatched egg to shore, [277]
- Young, fed by dams, [277]
- Young, notes of, [277], [278]
- Maternal cries of, [277], [278]
- Clucking note of, to call young, [277], [278];
- and for other uses, [278]
- Variety of expression in cries of young, [278]
- Young, sit in nest with one parent, [278]
- No maternal ruse employed by, [181], [278], [279];
- material for the evolution of one possibly observed, [279]
- Nerves of, highly strung, [280]
- Effect of report of gun on, [280]
- Motions, actions, &c., of, [280]
- A bundle of caprices, [280]
- Habit of flirting tail of, [280]
- Pugnacity of, [281]
- Scene in “The Rivals” acted by, [281]
- Warlike display of, [281-283]
- Method of fighting of, [283-285];
- is essentially unaquatic, [284], [285]
- Pugnacity of, even in winter, [281]
- Bathes only in shallow water, [285]
- Analogy between some actions of, and more developed ones of Ypecaha rail, [285], [286]
- Nuptial antic or pose of, [287], [288]
- Emotional hermaphroditism of, [288]
- Interchangeable performance of nuptial rite in sexes of, [288];
- bearing of this on questions of nature and origin of sexual display, and of inter-sexual selection, [288], [289];
- as, also, on the subliminal self theory, [289]
- Myers, the late Mr. F. W. H., has ignored Darwin’s views as to origin of musical faculty in man, [10]
- Natural history, no finality in, [249]
- Nature, sometimes looks unnatural, [88]
- Two voices of, [110]
- Full of irony, [245]
- Nest, false, of peewit, the, [166-168];
- is the real nest, [168]
- Of birds, suggested origin of the, [168-180]
- May have been originally a thalamum more especially, [181], [182]
- Was once put to two uses habitually, [181], [182];
- as it still is in some instances, [182]
- Nest-building instinct, suggested origin of, in birds, [168-184]
- Nightingale, hen alone seen to build, [206]
- Nightjar, common about Icklingham, [21]
- Sits on extreme tip-top of spruce or larch, [21]
- Its habit of clapping its wings, [21-23];
- sometimes a great many times consecutively, [22], [23]
- “Quaw-ee,” note of, [21]
- Beauty of flight and aerial mastery of, [22]
- A new sensation obtained by seeing it, [22]
- Domestic habits of, [23-37]
- Change on the nest of, [24]
- Churring note uttered by both sexes, [25]
- Expressive power of the churr, [26]
- Incubation shared by male and female, [23], [24], [26]
- Sexes hard to distinguish, [26]
- Male less skilful in incubation than female, [26]
- Hen, the more assiduous sitter, [26]
- Interesting scene observed, [26-29]
- Method of moving eggs adopted by, [27]
- Mahomet and the mountain, [28]
- Both parents feed chicks, [29]
- Low querulous note of, whilst in unharassed circumstances, [29]
- Chicks fed by regurgitation, [29-32], [34]
- Probable mode of catching insects of, [30-33]
- Kind of insects, &c., mostly eaten by, [31-33]
- An aerial whale, [33], [258]
- Difference in size between the two chicks of, [35]
- Early quiescence and later activity of chicks, [35], [36]
- Nesting site gradually deserted, [35]
- Chicks called up by parents, [35], [36]
- Maternal ruse practised by, [36]
- Anxiety of parents in regard to chicks, [36], [37]
- Chicks walk or run easily, [37];
- as do also the grown birds, [37]
- Nuptial rite may be performed on the ground, [37]
- Variety of notes of, [37-39];
- no special limited meaning assignable to these, [37-39]
- Resemblance of, to piece of fir-bark, [40], [41];
- possible meaning of such resemblance, [41], [42]
- Generally protective colouring in relation to incubative, &c., habits of, [42], [43]
- Returns, each year, to same locality, [50]
- Has favourite trees and branches, [50]
- Does not always nest in same spot, [50]
- Nuptial antics, suggested origin of, [180], [181]
- Optimists, as reasoners, [231]
- Ostrich, nesting habits of, as described by Mr. Cronwright Schreiner, [176-178];
- suggestions as to the meaning and origin of these, [177-179]
- Rolling of, in courtship, [178]
- Two kinds of, [178]
- Ornithologists, works of seem written to assist bird-nesters, [210]
- Parasitic instinct, in birds, possible origin of, [132]
- Parental ruses, suggested origin of, [180], [181]
- Partridges, curious chasings of one another of, [188-191];
- nature and suggested explanation of, [189-192]
- Peewits, repair to fens towards end of October for the winter, [3], [116]
- Return in February, [116]
- Appearance, &c., of, [117]
- Their way of bathing, [117], [118];
- and of feeding, [119]
- Chased by missel-thrush, [124]
- Rolling and other strange sexual antics of, [163-166], [174], [175];
- nature of such movements, [167], [168], [171-173];
- theory founded upon them as to origin of nest-building amongst birds, [166-184]
- “False nests” of, [166-168];
- not essentially differing from the real nest, [168]
- “Pesses,” formerly used in Icklingham church, [56]
- Pheasant, at roosting time, [5]
- Roosting habits of, [6]
- Trumpety note of, [7]
- Soft note of, at roosting, [7]
- Partial paralysis produced in, by sudden fright, [279], [280]
- A cock, put to flight by stone-curlew, [123]
- Philistines, the, bloodthirsty shouts of, [156]
- False plea of the, [156], [157]
- Having no appreciation of anything, can destroy everything with impunity, [156], [157]
- Hypocritical pretence of, to an æsthetic motive, [157]
- Poet, the, not a teacher, [11]
- His aptitude to feel and express, [12]
- Protective coloration theory, unsatisfactory in regard to tiger, leopard, jaguar, &c., [43-49]
- Inapplicable to animals that hunt at night by scent, [47]
- Versus sexual selection, [43-50]
- Psychical Research Society, great mistake made by, [143-145]
- Its man-worshipping attitude, [143-145]
- Its neglect of the comparative method, [143-145]
- Indifferent to field natural history, [145]
- Should let the dogs into church, [145]
- Conclusions of, reared on too narrow a basis of fact and observation, [290]
- Rabbits, the stamping of, with hind legs may have various meanings, [38]
- Theory in regard to white tail of, unsubstantiated, [46], [47]
- Browse lichen, [92]
- One warming his paws at camp fire, [93]
- Rhyme, old, about cuckoo changing its tune in June not trustworthy, [96]
- Truth sacrificed for sake of, [96], [97]
- So-called cockney, the, the bugbear of pedants and purists, [97]
- Fetters of, should be loosened, not tightened, [97]
- River Lark, description of, [2]
- Rooks, feeding habits of, [52]
- Mingle with hooded crows, [52], [58]
- Disagreements of, with hooded crows, [52-54]
- Rules of precedence of, when feeding in company, [53]
- Fighting methods of, [54]
- Partial reversion of some, to less social state, [55]
- Gregarious instinct of, sometimes in abeyance, [55], [56]
- Eat roots of thistles, [56]
- May sometimes roost singly, [57]
- Are more civilised than the hooded crow, [57]
- Mysterious relations of, with the hooded crow, [58-60]
- Visits of, to nesting-trees during winter, [60-63];
- reasons for, and suggested origin of these visits, [63-70]
- Compared to bower-birds, [64-70]
- Often pair on nest, [68]
- Are swayed by love in winter as well as in summer, [70]
- Their round of life during winter, [70], [71]
- Sand-martins, fight violently, [248]
- Late appearance of several, [259]
- Schiller, his two great forces “hunger and love,” [70]
- Has forgotten sleep, [71]
- Scott, his style not appreciated by the inappreciative, [82]
- Sense of direction referred to, [290]
- Sexual selection, prejudice in regard to theory of, [45];
- the reason for this, [45]
- May account for white tail in rabbit, [47]
- And for posterior markings, colours, &c., generally, [47]
- Stripes and spots of tiger, leopard, jaguar, zebra, &c., probably due to, [43-50]
- Shag, decorates its nest with flowers, &c., [68]
- “She oaks,” characteristic of country round Icklingham, [3], [4]
- Of the poplar tribe, [3]
- Their great size, [3]
- Are, fortunately, valueless, [3]
- Sleep, a third ruling power, forgotten by Schiller, [71]
- Snipe, one as part of picturesque scene, [119]
- Their odd, stereotyped way of fighting, [185-189];
- and of pursuing one another, [188];
- suggested explanation of these and similar phenomena exhibited by other birds, [190-193]
- Song-Thrush, a fighter, though said not to be, [223]
- Sparrow with a grievance, a, [245]
- Nest-building habits of, [245-247]
- Oppression of house-martins by, [243-246], [248]
- Spiders, one answers query, [14]
- Hibernate under bark of trees, [14]
- Spiritualism, doctrine of, does not answer certain questions, [232]
- Makes best of bad job, but the bad job remains, [232]
- Presents many difficulties, [232]
- Spur-winged lapwing, antics, à trois of, [110];
- suggested origin of, [109], [110]
- Starlings, bathing, [119]
- Feeding over the land, [119]
- Enjoy company of peewits, [120]
- A single one flying with peewits, [120]
- One welcomed back by another, [120], [121]
- Have hearts even in winter, [121], [122]
- Imitate note of peewit, [122]
- Relations of, with green woodpecker, [129-132];
- may lead to one or other acquiring parasitic instinct, [131], [132]
- As architects, [133-136]
- Their nests in sand-pits, [133-135]
- How made? [133-136]
- Social nesting habits of, [136-138]
- Make morality seem a bore, [137]
- Roosting habits of, [138-154]
- Flocking of, before roosting, [138], [139]
- Susurrus, or sing-song of, [138]
- Erratic descent into trees of, [139]
- Simultaneous aerial movement amongst large bodies of, [140], [142], [143];
- some form of thought-transference seems necessary to explain these, [143]
- Distinctive note uttered by, whilst flying, [145], [146]
- Twitter whilst flying, [146]
- Varied entry of, into roosting place, [146]
- Exodus of, from wood in regiments, [147-152];
- back regiments fly first, [150]
- Breaking back of, during exodus, [150], [151]
- Increase altitude when passing hedges, &c., [152]
- Great flights of, a study for Turner, [152]
- Poetry in numbers of, [152]
- Actions of, in the roosting place, [153], [154];
- a disseminating process observable, [153];
- slow diminution of the sing-song, [153];
- sudden flights and scurryings, [153], [154];
- silence not till long after nightfall, [154]
- Morning flight out from roosting-place, [154], [155];
- takes place by successive bands or regiments, [154], [155]
- Kind of bushes, &c., chosen to roost in, [155], [156];
- possible explanation of this, [155], [156]
- Letter written to Daily Telegraph about, [157-160]
- Good done by, [160], [161]
- Harm done by, to fruit inconsiderable, [160], [161]
- Small space occupied by, to sleep in, [157-161]
- Do no harm to song-birds, [158], [159], [161], [162]
- Do not “infest,” but country gentlemen do, [162]
- Statesmen, good that might be done by “translation” of, into dabchicks, [305]
- Stevenson, style of, preferred by Stevenson to Scott’s, [82]
- But not by author, [82]
- Stock-dove, odd formalities in combats of, [185];
- explanation of these, [185]
- Stone-chat, his motions, &c., [115], [116]
- An angry bird, [115]
- His tail flirted at you, [116];
- his certain answer if questioned on the subject, [116]
- Variation in appearance of, [116]
- Stone-curlew, a special feature of country round Icklingham, [124]
- Often feeds with peewits, [122]
- A fighter, [122], [123]
- Puts a cock pheasant to flight, [123]
- Skirmishes of, with missel-thrushes, [123], [124]
- Warlike display of rival males, [123];
- not employed when attacking another species, [123];
- suggested explanation of this, [123]
- Sad cry of, [124], [125]
- The clamour of, [125]
- Other notes of, [125], [126]
- Cry of, recalling piping of oyster-catcher, [126]
- The gathering of the clans, [125]
- Pursued by sparrow-hawk, [126]
- The Heimkehr of, in the early morning, [127]
- Is di-nocturnal, [128]
- More active during the day in spring, [128]
- Crouching habits of, [128]
- Evening dances of, in autumn, [128]
- Migration of, [128]
- Subliminal self, theory of the, a criticism of, [289-294]
- Numerous objections to, [292-294]
- Author’s counter hypothesis to, of innumerable ancestral subliminal selves, [289], [290]
- Swallow tribe, the, insects, how caught and swallowed by, [258]
- Swan, nest-building actions of the male, [174]
- “Test of time,” the, a misleading expression, [89-92]
- Tiger, protective coloration theory in regard to, questioned, [43-45]
- Beauty of the, Darwin’s view as to how acquired, [44-46]
- Coloration of, in relation to man, [47], [48]
- Chinese proverb in regard to Coreans and the, [48]
- Eye-witness’s account of the stalking of a cow by a, [48], [49]
- Titlark, mounting and descent of, [110], [111]
- More like a lark than a wagtail, [111], [112];
- resembles a wagtail also, [113]
- Tits, a feature of Icklingham, [194]
- Tree-pipit, voice of, like the skylark’s, [112]
- Tuddenham, observations on pair of dabchicks at, [296-306]
- Voice, importance of the, in classification, [112], [113]
- Water-wagtail, courting actions of male, [113], [114];
- similarity in, to those of pheasant, [114]
- Nest of, in that of song-thrush, [213]
- Hen alone seems to incubate, [213]
- Alternates eating with building, [213], [214]
- Open bills of young, like Venetian glass vases, [214]
- Collects a number of flies, &c., for young, [214]
- Beauty of maternal love as exemplified by, [214]
- Skill of, in collecting flies, [215], [216]
- Weather, the, and the cries of birds, [6], [7]
- Wheatear, characteristic of the steppes of Icklingham, [106]
- Arrival of first pair of, [106]
- Arrives in splendid plumage, [106]
- Ways of the male, [106], [107]
- Plumage of male, [114], [115]
- Courtship of male, [107], [114]
- Curious sexual actions of male, [175], [176]
- Wood-pigeons, cooing of, [8], [9]
- Roosting of, [9], [10], [12], [13]
- Emotions raised by rushing sound of wings of, [9], [10];
- remarks as to this, [10-12]
- Numbers of, in West Suffolk, [12], [13]
- Pigeon-trees made by, [13]
- Less characteristic coo of, [74], [75]
- Single one flying with starlings, [127]
- Partial paralysis produced in, by sudden fright, [279], [280]
- Wordsworth, his “intimations of immortality” due to the laws of inheritance, [10], [11]
- No evidence contained in the famous ode of, [11], [12]
- Wren, house-hunting of, [13], [14]
- Food of, in winter, [14]
- Seen to enter long-tailed tit’s nest in absence of owner, [204], [205]
- Ypecaha rails, screaming dances of, referred to, [285]
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
Edinburgh & London
GEORGE ALLEN
PUBLISHER LONDON
RUSKIN HOUSE
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] The late F. W. H. Myers explains music in his own way—in forced accordance, that is to say, with his subliminal self hypothesis—without even a reference to Darwin! Did he not know Darwin’s views, or did he think himself justified in ignoring them?