1 Dame Caelia men did her call, as thought

Caelia > "Heavenly" (from the Latin caelum, the heavens)

2 From heaven to come, or thither to arise, 3 The mother of three daughters, well upbrought

upbrought > brought up

4 In goodly thews, and godly exercise:

thews > habits, morals; qualities exercise > worship, rites

5 The eldest two, most sober, chaste, and wise, 6 Fidelia and Speranza, virgins were,

Fidelia > "Faith" (from the Latin fides, faith)
Speranza > "Hope" (from the Latin spes, hope)

7 Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize;

spoused > betrothed solemnize > solemnization; solemnizing