History of the Cathedral Church of Wells / As Illustrating the History of the Cathedral Churches of the Old Foundation

by Edward A. Freeman

[196] If the screen is, which I do not believe that it is, of any constructive use in keeping up the piers of the eastern arch of the tower, the obvious thing is to build a fourth Saint Andrew's cross in the eastern arch as in the other three.

INDEX.

A.
Abbeville Collegiate Church, west front of, [125].
Abbey Dore, east end of the church, [177].
Adalbero, Archbishop, his changes in the Church of Rheims, [32], [165].
Adam of Domersham quoted, [170].
Adeliza of Löwen, wife of Henry the First, [43].
Ælfsige detains lands of the Bishoprick, [29].
Ælfsige, last Abbot of Bath, [36].
Æthelhelm, first Bishop of Somersetshire, [26].
Alby Cathedral, absence of transepts in, [116].
Alexander, third Dean of Wells, [170].
Alien Priories, suppression of, [147].
Amiens Cathedral, its great height, [116].
Andrew, Saint, his wells, [19];
yields to his younger brother, [36].
Angers, undercroft of the Bishop's palace at, [176].
Apses, various kinds of, [130];
their rarity in England, [130];
use of, in Romanesque times, [181];
more common in Normandy than in England, ib.
Archdeacon of Wells, ancient house of, [142];
its alienation, [150];
recovery of the other property of, [150].
Archdeacons, their rights under the charter of Elizabeth, [188].
Architects, employment of professional, in the middle ages, [81].
Athelney, prebend attached to the Abbey, [88].
Augustine, his mission to Britain, [12].
Avalon, see Glastonbury.
Axe, the English frontier in 597, [13], [17].
B.
Bangor Cathedral, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Banwell, history of the lordship, [27], [29], [31];
Bishop's house at, [37].
Barlow, William, Bishop, alienates the lands of the see, [149], [186];
partly recovers them, [149].
Bath, its Roman origin, [13], [36];
taken by the West-Saxons, [36];
church of, founded by Offa, [36], [177];
monks brought in by Eadgar, ib.;
burned, [36], [47];
bought by Bishop John, [36], [37], [166];
see of Somersetshire removed to, ib.;
church rebuilt by Bishop John, [37];
settlement between the Churches of Bath and Wells, [45];
suppression of the Monastery, [46], [148];
restoration of the Church in the seventeenth century, ib.;
works of Bishop Robert at, [46-48], [167], [168];
date and style of the present church, [48];
monks of, illegally elect Bishop Roger, [105];
gradually neglected by the Bishops, [107];
form of the west front, [125];
alleged foundation of Osric, [177].
Bath and Wells, origin of the title, [10], [45].
Battle Abbey, lofty undercroft under the dormitory, [176].
Bayeux, installation of the Bishop at, [158].
Beaufort, Cardinal, enlarges the Hospital of Saint Cross, [163].
Beauvais Cathedral, remains of the old church at, [79], [80];
its great height, [116].
Beckington, Thomas, Bishop, works of his executors;
his various works, [145];
removal and mutilation of his canopy, [153];
his work in the cloisters, [181];
his will, [182], [183];
his gifts to the Chapter, [183].
Benefice, meaning of the word, [59], [169].
Berengar, agent of Archbishop Thomas, [173].
Beverley Minster, compared with Wells, [124], [130];
unreality of its west front, [128];
east end of, [130];
compared with Wells, [132].
Bird, Prior, his works at Bath, [48].
Bishop, his share in the daily distribution, [174];
his right of visitation saved by the Elizabethan charter, [187];
election of, under the charter, [187], [188].
Bishops, their relations to their cathedral churches, [10], [11], [45];
difference between their position in England and elsewhere, [12];
their ancient territorial style, [12];
how appointed in early times, [25];
Norman and French Bishops after the Conquest, [35];
number of, increased by Henry the Eighth, [53];
their greater power in the old cathedrals, [54];
plunder of, under Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth, [149].
Bishopricks moved from small towns to larger, [35], [166].
Bishopstool, meaning of the word, [12].
Boniface the Ninth, Pope, his bull about entertainments, [175].
Bourges Cathedral, absence of transepts in, [116].
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop, recovers the lands of the see, [149].
Bridgewater, more modern than the other Somersetshire towns, [14].
Bristol, Church of St. Mary Redcliff, internal effect of height in, [133].
Bristol, position of the Cathedral, [2];
harmless stoves at, [189].
Brunswick, sham fronts in the churches of, [181].
Bubwith, Nicholas, Bishop, his share in building the north-west tower, [122];
his gift of the Guild-hall to the citizens, [123];
his buildings in the cloister, ib.
Bury Saint Edmund's, its municipal history compared with Wells, [184].
C.
Canon, title of, not to be confined to the Residentiaries, [50];
meaning of the name, [51].
Canons, honorary, unknown in the old foundations, [140].
Canons, non-residence of, [89];
their share in the daily distribution, [174];
their three sources of income, ib.
Canons, residentiary and non-residentiary, origin of the difference, [85] et seqq.
Canterbury Cathedral, propping of the central tower at, [119];
its double apse, [182].
Carlisle Cathedral compared with Wells, [134], [135].
Carol, see Karole.
Cathedral Churches, their clergy sometimes regular, sometimes secular, [21];
distinction of old and new foundations, [53];
foundations under Henry the Eighth, ib.;
held to be the freehold of the Chapter or Convent, [64];
urgent need of their reform, [160].
Cathedral, meaning of the word, [8-10].
Century, thirteenth, its special historical importance, [103];
fourteenth, character of its architecture, [111], [113].
Chancellor of the Church, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
its duties, [57].
Chancellor of the Diocese, distinguished from Chancellor of the Church, [57].
Chantries, suppression of, [149].
Chantry Priests, incorporated by Bishop Erghum, [141], [142], [183];
suppressed, [142], [150].
Chapter-House, different character of, in regular and secular churches, [96];
building of that, at Wells, [96-98], [176];
polygonal type of, [97];
style and date of, at Wells, [98];
examples of the polygonal shape, [176];
of the oblong shape, ib.
Chapters, origin of, [21];
their relation to their Bishops, [45];
their increased independence of the Bishops, [63], [64];
need of their reform on the old basis, [189].
Chartres Cathedral, its great height, [116].
Chester Cathedral, crumbling nature of its stone, [135].
Chester, position of the Cathedral, [2];
foundation of the Bishoprick, [53].
Chew Magna, pension from the vicarage to the Vicars of Wells, [182].
Chicheley, Archbishop, his character, [185].
Chichester Cathedral, fall of the spire at, [117].
Choir, meaning of the word, [78];
its original extent at Wells, ib.;
in Somersetshire churches often unworthy of the nave, [80];
practice of lengthening in the thirteenth century, [108];
change in the site at Wells, [110];
recasting of clerestory and triforium, [111];
character of the roof, [112];
objectionable arrangements of, at Wells, [155], [167].
Choristers, house of, see Organists' house.
Christ Church, Hampshire, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, his rule for canons, [32], [165].
Cities, their greater importance on the Continent than in England, [12].
Clement the Seventh, Pope, his bull for the suppression of monasteries, [185].
Cloister, difference of, in regular and secular churches, [83];
date of that at Wells, [83], [84];
needed in a monastery, but not in a secular church, [31], [32].
Cloister, originally of wood, [84];
Lady chapel in, rebuilt by Bishop Stillington, [144];
original building of, [172];
orders of Chapter about, ib.
Close wall, destruction of, [143].
Cnut, King, his favour to Bishop Duduc, [26], [28].
Collegiate Churches, meaning of the word, [10];
suppression of, [149].
Collinson's History of Somersetshire, its misrepresentation of the story of Harold and Gisa, [27];
list of canons in, [188].
Combe, bought by Gisa, [31];
Prebends of, [51], [60].
Congé d'élire, meaning of the word, [16], [164];
distinguished from the letter missive, [25], [164].
Congresbury, fabulous Bishoprick at, [14];
history of the lordship, [28], [29].
Corporate Isolation, spirit of, its effects, [62].
Corps, meaning of the word, [51].
Coventry Cathedral, canons substituted for monks at, [173].
Coventry, apse of Saint Michael's Church at, [130];
crumbling stone used in the church of, [135];
origin of the city, [185].
Coventry and Lichfield, joint Bishoprick of, [46];
destruction of the Church of Coventry, [64].
Crediton, see of, removed to Exeter, [35].
Cromwell, Thomas, Lord, his share in the suppression of monasteries, [147];
holds the Deanery of Wells, [148];
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, [175].
Crypt, see Undercroft.
Cynewulf, spurious charter of, [15], [164].
D.
Daventry Priory, suppression of, [185].
Dean, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
how appointed in various churches, [54];
its duties, [55], [56];
effects of its foundation, [63];
office at Wells held by Thomas Cromwell, [148];
estates alienated under Edward the Sixth, [150], [168];
re-endowed and the old estates recovered, [150];
rights of, under the charter of Elizabeth, [187];
appointment of, transferred to the Crown, [188].
Deaneries held by laymen, [148].
Deanery House built by Dean Gunthorpe, [142].
Dignities, origin of, [50], [168];
duties of, [55-57];
difference among, in different churches, [66].
Dimock, Mr., [77];
quoted, [140], [183].
Domesday, its account of the lands of the Church of Wells, [33], [166].
Dorchester, Bishoprick of, [163].
Drokensford, John, Bishop, deed of his quoted, [179].
Duduc, Bishop of Somersetshire, his favour with Cnut, [26], [28];
his bequests to his church, [28];
a Saxon by birth, [165];
his tomb, [166].
Dunstan, Saint, builds the stone church of Glastonbury, [24], [164].
Durham, analogy of its history with that of Wells, [3].
E.
Eadgar, King, brings in monks at Bath, [36].
Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, her grants to Gisa, [31].
Eadward the Confessor, his favour to Bishop Duduc, [26];
his grants to Gisa, [31], [165];
introduces the Norman style into England, [48];
his church at Westminster the great model, [69].
Eadward the Elder founds the Bishoprick of Somersetshire, [13].
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of Sherborne, [164].
Early Gothic Style, two forms of, in Wells Cathedral, [74-77];
peculiar character of, in Somersetshire and South Wales, [75].
East Ends, various kinds of, [130].
Edward the Sixth, act of, for the suppression of colleges and Chantries, [142], [149];
robbery of ecclesiastical bodies under, [148].
Elizabeth, Queen, her charters to the Vicars, [140];
to the Chapter, [151].
Ely Cathedral, style of, [75];
loss of the spire at, [129];
east end of, [130];
size of the triforium, [134];
arrangement of tower at, [182].
Embezzlement, various instances of, [39].
Erghum, Ralph, Bishop, incorporates the College of Chantry Priests, [141], [142].
Eton College, receives lands of Alien Priories, [185].
Evercreech, Bishop's house at, [37].
Evesham, its parliamentary rivalry with Wells, [4-5], [163].
Ewenny Priory, roof of the Church, [179].
Exeter, history of the city and Bishoprick, [2], [35];
Bishop Leofric's changes at, [33];
history of the Deanery of, [54];
loss of the spires at, [129];
form of the east end, [130].
F.
Fitz-Williams, Dean, surrenders the estates of the Deanery, [186].
Fontanenses Episcopi, Bishops of Somersetshire, so known at Rome, [45].
Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, his dispute with Pope Hadrian the Fourth, [169].
G.
Gates, Sir John, dismantles the hall of the palace, [179]; beheaded, [186].
Gerent, King of Cornwall, defeated by Ine, [164].
Gervase, historian of Canterbury, quoted, [172].
Gisa, Bishop of Somersetshire, his quarrel with Earl Harold, [27-29], [165];
his birth in Lorraine, [30];
increases the revenues of his church, [31];
makes his canons follow the rule of Chrodegang, [31-33];
his buildings, [33].
Gisa, his gifts to the canons, [33];
his death and burial, [34];
his account of the Old-English church, [67].
Glastonbury, its whole history gathers round the Abbey, [3];
permanence of the British Monastery at, [18];
its original wooden church, [19], [164];
stone church of Dunstan, [24];
annexed to Bath by Savaric, [70], [71];
formed part of the style of the Bishops, [70], [71];
again separated from Bath and Wells, [71];
surrenders estates to Jocelin, [71];
style of the Early Gothic of the Abbey, [75];
cloister of wood, [84];
goodness of the stone at, [135];
suppression of the Monastery, [147];
destroyed by Edward, Duke of Somerset, [149];
relation of the Bishops to, [171];
antiquity of the foundation, [177];
central tower propped as at Wells, [178].
Gloucester Abbey, vault in, built by the Monks' own hands, [81], [172];
west front of, [125].
Gloucester and Bristol, joint Bishoprick of, [46].
Godele, John, Dean, his share in repairing the choir, [180].
Godfrey, Bishop of Bath, his birth in Lower Lorraine, [43];
his character, ib.;
he tries to recover the canons' lands, ib.
Godwin, Bishop, his catalogue of Bishops quoted.[28], [56-57], [113-134].
Gower, Bishop, his works at Saint David's, [179].
Green, Mr. J. R., quoted, [165], [170], [184].
Grey of Wark, Lord, preserves Wells Cathedral in Monmouth's rebellion, [4].
Grosmont, Monmouthshire, state of the church at, [8].
Gunthorpe, John, Dean, builds the Deanery, [142], [183].
Gwent, meaning of the name, [17], [164].
H.
Haddan, Mr. A. W., quoted, [173].
Hadrian the Fourth, Pope, his dispute with the Emperor Frederick, [169].
Harewell, John, Bishop, his share in building the South-west Tower, [122].
Harold, Earl, his quarrel with Bishop Gisa, [27], [29], [165];
his writ as King to Gisa, [165];
Gisa's view of his death, ib.
Henry the First, his charters to John de Villulâ, [36], [37];
his opposition to Bishop Godfrey, [43].
Henry the Third, character of his reign, [105];
promotes the illegal election of Bishop Roger, [106];
his grant to the Church of Wells, [172].
Henry the Fifth, suppression of monasteries under, [147].
Henry the Eighth, character of his reign, [145-147];
suppression of monasteries under, [147];
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, [175].
Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, holds the Abbey of Glastonbury with the Bishoprick, [44];
helps Bishop Robert in his reforms at Wells, [52].
Hereford Cathedral, loss of the spire at, [129];
character of the east end, [130];
loss of the western tower, [131];
position of the Vicars and Minor Canons at, [140], [141];
present good arrangement of, [158];
choir screen at, [159];
its arrangement of towers, [182].
Hermann, Bishop, joins the sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury, and removes the see to Old Sarum, [31], [165].
Hildebert, Provost, embezzles the property of the canons, [39], [166].
Historiola de Primordiis Episcopatûs Somersetensis, quoted, [28], [47].
Honorary Canons, proposed extension of their rights in the new foundations, [189].
Howden Collegiate Church, octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Hugh, Bishop of Chester, substitutes canons for monks at Coventry, [173].
I.

Ilminster, lost prebend of, [174].
Ine, his victories over the Welsh, [14];
founds Taunton, ib.;
probably founds the
church of Wells as collegiate, [15];
defeats Gerent of Cornwall, [164];
founds Taunton, ib.;
his laws, ib.
Innocent the Fourth, Pope, corruptly confirms the election of Bishop Roger, [106].
Installation of Canons, [188].
Isaac, Provost of Wells, [33], [166].
J.
Jenkyns, Dean, his doings in the Cathedral, [189].
Jocelin of Wells, his episcopate, [70];
his style during the union with Glastonbury, [71];
his compromise with Glastonbury, ib.;
his works at Wells, ib.;
his banishment, [72];
his special connexion with the church and city, ib.;
first founder of the Vicars, [72], [84];
extent of his building, [74-76];
his domestic works at Wells and Wookey, [76];
consecrates the church, [77], [174];
character of his works, [78];
how far the designer of the church, [81];
probable nature of his relations to it, ib.;
increases the dignities and prebends, [84];
his statute of residence, [90], [174];
his position among the Bishops of Wells, [104], [177];
destruction of his tomb, ib.
John de Villulâ, first French Bishop of Somersetshire, [35];
buys the town of Bath and removes the see thither, [36], [37], [166];
his government and buildings at Bath, [37], [166];
his oppression of the Canons of Wells, [37], [38];
builds himself a house at Wells, ib., [166].
John, Provost and Archdeacon, his dealings with the canons, [39], [166];
his repentance, [49].
K.
Karole, meaning of the word, [172].
King, Oliver, Bishop, his works at Bath, [48].
L.
Lady, proper title of a West-Saxon King's wife, [31].
Lady Chapel, character of, at Wells, [109];
date of, [179].
Lady Chapel in the cloister, [83].
Leases for three lives, early cases of, [61].
Lee, Roland, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, tries to save the Church of Coventry, [64], [170].
Le Mans, Cathedral of, [69];
its date, [100].
Leofric, Bishop, his changes in the Church of Exeter, [33];
moves the see of Crediton thither, [35].
Letter missive, see Congé d'élire.
Lichfield Cathedral, apse of, [130];
east end compared with Wells, [132];
present good arrangement of, [158];
choir screen at, [159];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Lincoln Cathedral, style of, [75];
said never to have been consecrated, [77];
residence kept by the dignitaries at, [92];
effect of lowness in the inside, [116];
loss of the spires at, [118], [129];
unreality of the west front of, [125], [128];
arrangement of the east end, [131];
effect of lowness in the interior, [133];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Llandaff Cathedral, style of, [75];
no Residentiaries ever founded at, [85];
west front of, [125], [126];
present good arrangement of, [156-158], [190];
system of Prebendaries and Vicars, [17];
the Archdeacon President of the Chapter, [169];
form of the Chapter-house, [176].
Long Sutton, lost prebend of, [174].
Lorraine, or Lotharingia, meaning of the name, [30];
canonical rule of, [32].
M.
Malmesbury Abbey, original west front of, [181];
arrangement of tower at, [182].
Manchester, collegiate church becomes cathedral, [16];
suppressed and restored, [186].
Margam Abbey, octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Mark granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, [31].
Mary, Queen, property of the Church recovered under, [149], [150].
Master of the Fabric, office of, [5-7].
Master, technical use of the name, [88].
Matthew Paris, his account of the Church of Westminster, [170];
of the earthquake at Wells, [171];
of the consecration of various churches, ib.
Mendip, its early state, [17].
Midelton or Milton, timber fetched from, [180].
Minor Canon, title unknown at Wells, [140];
use of, elsewhere, [183].
Monasteries, suppression of, [21];
effects of, at Ely, Peterborough, and elsewhere, [22].
Monks, original character of, [20].
Monmouth, James, Duke of, doings of his followers at Wells, [4].
Morganwg, meaning of the name, [17], [164].
Mounterye, College of, see Chantry Priests.
Muchelney prebend attached to the Abbey, [88].
Mudgeley, granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, [31].
N.
Nave, proper place for the congregation, [154], [155];
plea for its proper use at Wells, [157-160].
New Foundation, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, [53];
greater influence of the Crown in, [54].
Nicolas the Fifth, Pope, his bull about payments made by Residentiaries, [175].
Non-residence, origin of, [58];
growth of, [87].
Non-residentiary Canons, origin of, [89];
value of the class, [89], [90], [150];
defrauded of their rights at Wells by the charter of Elizabeth, [151];
retention of their rights at York, [152];
their position under the Elizabethan charter, [187], [188];
general question as to their rights, [189].
Norman Architecture, spread of, after the Conquest, [67].
Norman Conquest, its effects on the Church, [35].
O.
Offa, King of the Mercians, founds the Church of Bath, [36].
Old Foundation, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, [53];
closer connexion of the Bishops with, [54];
general likeness of their constitutions, [66], [85].
Old Saint Paul's Cathedral, loss of the spire at, [129];
minor canons of, [140].
Old Sarum, see Salisbury.
Organist's House, foundation of, [182];
neglect and ruin of, [184].
Osbern, his life of Saint Dunstan, quoted, [164].
Ottery Saint Mary, spire of lead remaining at, [129].
Oxford, position of the Cathedral, [2];
foundation of the Bishoprick, [53].
P.
Pagan, origin of the name, [11].
Palk, Sir Lawrence, his championship of Wells against Evesham, [163].
Pakington, Sir John, compared with Saint Dunstan, [5], [163].
Parker, Mr., house restored by, [68];
quoted, [129], [183].
Payne of Pembridge, claims the Provost's estate, [60].
Perpendicular style, its characteristics in Somersetshire, [121], [122].
Pershore Abbey, apse of, [130].
Peterborough Cathedral, the west front an addition, [76];
its perfection, [125].
Petty Canons distinguished from Priest-Vicars, [140].
Pluralities, early instances of, [44];
causes of, in the Middle Ages, [5-8].
Pole, Reginald, holds two Deaneries as layman, [148].
Pope, John, Prebendary, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
Prebendaries, become corporations sole, [65];
their exempt jurisdictions, ib.
Prebends, origin of, [50], [168];
meaning of the name, [51];
their position, [52];
refounded by Elizabeth, [187].
Precentor, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
its duties, [56].
Priest-Vicar, title of, [139].
Provost, origin of the office, [33];
becomes hereditary, [39], [166];
suppression of the office, [150].
Purton Church, Wiltshire, arrangement of tower at, [182].
R.
Ralph of Shrewsbury, importance of his episcopate, [108];
his place of burial, [113];
his connexion with the eastern reconstruction, [114];
fortifies the palace, [137];
founds the College of Vicars, [137], [182];
portions of his work remaining, [138];
treatment of his tomb, [177].
Ramsbury, poverty of the church of, [31].
Reformation, the, its real character in England, [145], [146].
Reginald, son of Hildebert, restores the canons' lands, [49];
appointed precentor, [60], [167];
withstands the claims of his nephews, [6].
Reginald, Bishop, founds new prebends, [70].
Regular Clergy, their distinction from the seculars, [20].
Residence, Jocelin's regulations as to, [90];
devices to hinder, [91].
Residentiaries, origin of, [89];
number not originally fixed, [90];
their number and mode of appointment, [92];
growth of their powers, [93];
necessity of their constant residence, [94], [95];
their encroachments by virtue of the charter of Elizabeth, [151], [152];
necessity of their residence, [152];
great entertainments required of, [175];
commuted for a payment, ib.;
use of entertainments restored, ib.;
their new position under the Elizabethan charter, [188];
not installed, ib.
Restoration, principle on which it should be carried out, [190].
Rheims Cathedral, its great height, [116];
grandeur of the doorways at, [127].
Rheims, Church of Saint Remigius at, [69].
Rib, meaning of the word, [91], [138].
Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, story of, [189].
Richard of the Devizes, his account of the non-residence of canons, [86], [173].
Richard of Tittenhanger, monk of Saint Alban's, designs buildings in the Abbey, [171].
Ripon, collegiate church becomes cathedral, [16];
suppressed and restored, [186];
its west front, [181].
Robert, importance of his episcopate, [40];
becomes Bishop of Bath, [43];
of Flemish descent, but born in England, [44], [167];
his early history, ib.;
represents Bishop Henry of Blois at Glastonbury, [44], [167];
settles the controversy between Bath and Wells, [45];
his works at Bath, [46], [48], [161];
he recovers the lands of the canons, [49];
founds the dignities and prebends, [50], [52], [167];
increases the number of canons, [57], [162];
his description of his objects, [61];
his buildings at Wells, [66-69];
single fragment of them remaining, [68];
grants North Curry to the Chapter, [190];
grants municipal rights to the city, ib.
Robert, Bishop of Hereford, present at the consecration of Robert's church at Wells, [68].
Robert Burnell, Bishop, his place in the history of England, [107], [179];
his works at Wells, [108].
Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, his dispute with his Chapter, [170].
Roger, Archbishop of York, story of, [189].
Roger, Bishop, elected by the monks of Bath only, [105];
confirmed by Innocent the Fourth, [106], [177];
his gifts to the canons of Wells, ib.;
last bishop buried at Bath, [106].
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, opposes Bishop Godfrey, [43].
Roger Witing, claims the Provost's estate, [60];
cf.[170].
Romanesque style of architecture, its character, [48].
Roofs, character of, in Somersetshire, [112].
Rouen Cathedral, analogy of its west front to that of Wells, [127].
Rouen, Saint Ouen's Abbey Church at, union of French and English merits in, [117].
S.
Saint Alban's Abbey, work at, designed by a monk of the House, [81];
arrangement of the Lady chapel at, [131];
its municipal history compared with Wells, [184].
Saint Cross, Hospital of, its title, [163].
Saint David's, constitution of the Residentiary body at, [93];
absence of a Dean at, [169];
history of, compared with Wells, [176];
works of Bishop Gower at, [178].
Saint Quentin Collegiate Church, its great height, [116].
Salisbury, analogy of its history with that of Wells, [3];
origin of the Bishoprick, [31];
style of, [75];
the spire constructively a mistake, [118];
mode of propping, [119];
unreality of the west front of, [125], [128];
its doorways compared with Wells, [127];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
Savaric, Bishop, attaches prebends to two abbeys, [68];
unites the church of Glastonbury to the see of Bath, [70], [78].
Saxon, meaning of the name, [26].
Screens, close, an abuse in secular churches, [157].
Screens, open, their good effect at Lichfield and Hereford, [159].
Secular Clergy, their distinction from the regulars, [20].
Serel, Mr., quoted, [170], [175], [177].
Sham Fronts common in France and Germany, [181].
Sherborne, foundation of the Bishoprick, [13];
division of the diocese, ib.;
see removed to Old Sarum, [31];
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of, [164].
Shrewsbury Abbey, arrangement of towers at, [182].
Sinecure, meaning of the word, [55].
Slymbridge Church, Gloucestershire, style of, [75].
Somerset, Edward, Duke of, appropriates the lands of Wells and Glastonbury, [149].
Somersetshire, mainly Welsh in 597, [13];
lack of any central town, ib.;
picture of, in the time of Ine, [16], [17];
gradually becomes English, [18];
local architecture of, [48];
Early Gothic style of, resembles French work, [75];
characteristics of the Perpendicular style in, [121], [122].
Southwell, Chapter-house at, [97];
changes in the west front at, [128];
loss of spires at, [129];
form of the east end, [130];
compared with Wells, [131];
no President of the Chapter at, [176].
South Wales, likeness of its Early Gothic to that of Somersetshire, [75].
Spires, often covered with lead, [129].
Stalls, each canon makes his own, [113];
wrong arrangement at Wells, [153].
Stephen, King, helps Bishop Robert at Wells, [52], [168].
Stillington, Robert, Bishop, rebuilds the Lady chapel in the cloister, [144];
destruction of his tomb, ib.
Stoke Courcy Priory, suppression of, [185].
Stoke-sub-Hamdon College, suppressed, [186].
Stone, early use of, in building, [23].
Stoves, intrusion of, at Wells, [153].
Sub-Chanter, foundation of the office, [50], [57];
its suppression, [150], [168].
Sub-Dean, foundation of the office, [50], [57], [168];
its property and jurisdiction, [65], [168].
Sugar, Hugh, Treasurer, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
Sumorsætas, give their name to Somersetshire, [12];
obtain a Bishop of their own, [13].
Supremacy, Royal, accepted by both regular and secular clergy, [146].
Swan Inn laid open to the Cathedral, [143].
Swan, Richard, Provost, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, [138].
T.
Taunton, founded by Ine, [14], [17], [164].
Tewkesbury Abbey, apse of, [130].
Tewkesbury Annals, quoted, [178].
Theological College, proposal for its union with the Vicars' College, [139];
position of its officers, [169].
Thomas of Canterbury, Saint, his life quoted, [87].
Toulouse, roof of the church of Saint Sernin at, [179].
Towers, Old-English, character of, [24];
central, a peculiarly English and Norman feature, [115];
absence of, in the great French churches, [116].
Treasurer, foundation of the office, [50], [168];
his duties, [57].
U.
Undercroft, under the Chapter-house, [97], [176];
other instances, ib.
V.
Vicars' Close, first built by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [138];
recast by Beckington's executors, ib.;
modern changes in, [139].
Vicars, origin of, [84];
account of, by Richard of the Devizes, [86], [173];
story of a vicar at Saint Paul's, [87], [173];
their original duties, [89];
lived originally in the canons' houses, [87], [138];
Jocelin's legislation about, [88];
incorporated by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [137];
change in their position consequent on the institution of residentiaries, ib.;
their petition to Ralph, [138];
building of the Vicars' Close, ib.;
their collegiate manner of life, [139];
question as to its possible restoration, ib.;
distinction between vicars and petty canons, [140];
admission of laymen to the college, ib.;
distinction between lay-vicars and singing-men, [141];
charter of Elizabeth for their share in the distribution, [174];
property given them by Ralph, [182];
payments secured by the charter of Elizabeth, [187].
Vitalis, Vicar at Saint Paul's,

[173].
W.
Waltham, mode of life of the Canons, [164].
Wardship, meaning of, [178].
Wedmore, granted to the Church of Wells by Eadward the Confessor, [31];
prebends of, [51].
Wellesley, manor of, granted to the Vicars, [182].
Wells, Chapter of, its original foundation, [14], [15];
older than the Bishoprick, [15];
original number of the canons, [24], [39];
increased by Gisa, [31];
their original manner of living, ib.;
compelled to live together by Gisa, [32], [33];
their first property distinct from the Bishop, [33];
oppression of, by Bishop John, [38];
embezzlement of their property by the Provosts, [39];
breaking up of Gisa's discipline, [40];
settlement of the controversy with Bath, [45];
becomes the sole Chapter under Henry the Eighth, [46], [148];
property restored by Reginald, [49];
new constitution of under Bishop Robert, [49-52];
nature and use of the different offices in, [54];
increase in the number of canons, [57];
connexion with the Bishoprick weakened through Robert's changes, [62-64], [173];
part played by in the dispute with Glastonbury, [71];
its constitution fixed by Jocelin, [72];
distribution of its revenues, [90], [174];
regulations as to residence, [90], [174], [176];
origin and number of residentiaries, [92];
their mode of appointment, ib.;
rules as to their residence, [94];
grants of Bishop Roger to, [106];
untouched by the suppression of monasteries, [148];
lands lost by and recovered by Bishop Bourne, [150];
charter of Queen Elizabeth to, [151], [186];
its effect on the relations of the two classes of canons, [151], [152], [187];
its rules as to residence, [176], [187];
its new foundation of the Chapter, [186];
held to consist only of the Dean and Residentiaries, [106], [188];
inconsistency of the new system, [188].
Wells Cathedral Church, its general effect as compared with other churches, [5];
always a church of secular canons, [6], [8];
founded as a collegiate church by Ine, [15];
becomes cathedral under Eadward the Elder, [16];
analogy of Ripon and Manchester, ib.;
character of the oldest building, [24];
tombs of the early bishops,[26];
works of Bishop Robert in, [66];
long retention of the old English church, [66-70];
consecrated by Robert, [67];
character of his building, [68], [69];
beginning of the works of Jocelin, [71];
lectures of Professor Willis on, [72], [73];
extent of the work of Jocelin, [74];
two styles of Early Gothic in, [74-76];
date of the west front, [76];
fall of the vault and consequent repairs, [76-77];
its arrangement and appearance under Jocelin, [78-70];
breaks and stoppages in the nave, [79], [80];
its condition at the end of the thirteenth century, [98-100];
gradual reconstruction of its eastern portions, [103-114];
addition of the Lady chapel, [109];
changes in the choir and presbytery, [100-112];
its completion in the fourteenth century, [114];
raising of the towers, [115-123];
dangerous state of the central tower, [118];
the danger remedied by props, [119-121];
finishing of the western towers, [122];
position of Wells among English churches, [124], [136];
essentially a second class church, [124];
criticism on the west front, [125-128];
excessive smallness of its west doors, [126];
lack of finish to the Western towers, [129];
character and special beauty of the east end, [130-132];
marked horizontal lines in the nave, [132], [133];
treatment of the Arcades, [133], [134];
little damage suffered by, [135];
excellence of the stone, [135];
its connexion with the surrounding buildings, [136];
the church and its appurtenances, completed in the fifteenth century, [145];
modern changes in, [152];
objectionable arrangements in, [153-156];
necessity of reform, [157-161];
Henry the Third's grants to, [172];
fragments of the older east end, [177];
its probable form, ib.
Wells, Historian of, known as the Canon of Wells, quoted, [28], [47].
Wells, Palace of, built by John de Villulâ, [37], [166];
its original position, [38];
present building built by Jocelin, [76];
its style, [76], [81];
great hall added by Robert Burnell, [108], [178];
moat and wall added by Ralph of Shrewsbury, [137], [182];
alienated to Edward Duke of Somerset, and recovered, [149], [186];
undercroft in, [176];
the hall dismantled by Sir John Gates, [177].
Wells, peculiar character of its history, [1-4], [143];
its interest purely ecclesiastical, [3];
relations of the city to the Bishops, ib.;
parliamentary rivalry of Wells and Evesham, [4], [163];
general effect of its buildings, [5], [6];
the oldest seat of the Somersetshire Bishoprick, [11];
why chosen as such, [14];
contrast with Glastonbury, [19];
origin of the name, [19];
preservation of ancient buildings at, [22], [136];
destruction of ditto, [23], [142], [143];
never a walled town, [36];
position of, under John de Villulâ, [37];
grant of municipal rights by Bishop Robert, [40];
analogy of its history with that of England, [101-104];
practically restored to its old position, [106];
gift of the Guildhall by Bishop Bubwith, [123];
grant of municipal rights by Bishop Robert, [170];
interest of its municipal history, [184].
Wells, Saint Cuthbert's Church, its peculiar constitution, [4];
disproportion of its nave and choir, [80].
Wells, Saint John's Priory not a monastery, [150];
its suppression, ib.
Welsh, their position in Somersetshire, [17].
Westminster, history of the Church of, [53], [170];
Norman Church of, the great model in the twelfth century, [69], [170];
octagonal Chapter-house at, [176].
West-Saxons, their conversion to Christianity, [13];
their first Bishoprick, ib.
Whitchurch Church, style of, [75].
White Tower, roof of the chapel in, [179].
Whiting, Richard, Abbot of Glastonbury, his martyrdom, [61];
its cause, [147], [185].
William, Abbot of Saint Alban's, his works, [171].
William Button the First, Bishop, his nepotism, [107];
consecrated at Rome, [171].
William Button the Second, Bishop, his holiness, [107];
alleged miracles in his tomb, ib.
William Fitz-Stephen, quoted, [173].
William of Malmesbury, quoted, [35];
his account of the Church of Westminster, [170].
William of March, Bishop, alleged miracles at his tomb, [109];
oblations at his tomb, [171].
William of Sens, architect of Canterbury Cathedral, [172].
William of Wykeham, designs the nave of Winchester, [81].
William the Conqueror, his grants to Gisa, [31].
William the Englishman, architect of Canterbury Cathedral, [172].
William Rufus, grants the Abbey of Bath to John de Villulâ, [36];
sells the town to him, ib.
Willis, Professor, his lectures on Wells Cathedral, [72], [73];
his opinion of the date of the west front, [76];
of the Chapter-house, [98], [176];
of the Lady chapel, [110], [179];
his remarks on central towers, [118], [180];
his account of the choir, [113];
of Glastonbury, [164].
Wimborne Minster, grouping of towers at, [131], [182].
Winchester Cathedral, nave of, designed by William of Wykeham, [81];
west front of, [125];
arrangement of the Lady chapel, [129].
Winchester, foundation of the Bishoprick, [13], [163];
division of the diocese, ib.
Windsor, Saint George's Chapel, receives lands of Alien Priories, [185];
escapes at the suppression of Colleges, ib.
Winesham, history of the lordship, [29], [31].
Wolsey, Cardinal, his suppression of monasteries, [147].
Wookey, Bishop's house at, [37];
its connexion with the Sub-Deanery, [65], [168];
Jocelin builds the manor at, [76], [171];
its style, [76], [81], [177].
Worcester, plan and date of the Chapter-house, [176].
Wormestor, or Worminster, lands at, bought by Gisa, [31].
Wrexham Church, apse of, [130].
Y.
Yatton Church, disproportion of its nave and choir, [80].
York Minster, burning of, [47];
residentiaries at, how appointed, [92];
chapter-house at, [92];
architecture of the nave, [111];
west front of, [125];
grandeur of its doorways, [127];
arrangement of the east end, [131];
loss of height in the nave, [133];
position of the Vicars at, [141].

THE END.

R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS, BREAD STREET HILL.

[1] Translated to Canterbury.

[2] This seems to have been a case of disputed election.