Sketches of Travel in Normandy and Maine

by Edward A. Freeman

Sainte-Susanne, Keep

---

INDEX

A
Abbaye Blanche, near Mortain, [109], [110]
Almenèches, [139] et seq.;
its church, [150], [151];
site of the castle, [152]
Ambrières, fortress of, [57], [229];
architectural significance of its church, [230]
Amiens, [8], [9], [23], [24], [47]
Architecture in Normandy, its points of likeness with that of England, [23], [27], [28], [31], [46];
Romanesque, at Bayeux, [28], [29];
at Exmes, [147];
at Le Mans, [206], [207], [209];
transitional period well marked in Fécamp Abbey, [48]
Argentan, [125–138]
Arletta [Herleva], mother of William the Conqueror, [10]
Arnulf of Montgomery, [141], [142]
Arques, fortress of Count William at, [59], [60];
battle of, [60]
Avranches, historical associations of, [75];
its position, ib., [81], [82];
its ecclesiastical territory merged in the diocese of Coutances, [81]
B
Barbe, M. Henri, quoted, [191], [194], [196]
Bayeux, retention of the Danish tongue and religion at, [2], [6];
Richard the Fearless educated at, ib.;
Saxon and Danish colonies at, [5], [6];
its cathedral church, [8], [22–30];
the seminary chapel, [8], [30];
compared with Coutances, [25–28];
Bishop Odo's work at, [26], [28];
later Romanesque at, [29];
its English character, [30]
Beaumont-le-Roger, [179] et seq.
Beaumont-le-Vicomte, castle and church, [234], [235]
Beauvais, [9], [23], [24]
Bernay, Judith's Abbey at, [8], [182], [188]
Bigod, use of the name, [105]
Brionne, character of the building, [97], [98]
C
Caen, [2];
its ecclesiastical buildings, [8];
destruction of churches at, [19];
burial-place of William the Conqueror, [51]
Cæsaris Burgus, [67]. See [Cherbourg]
Calleva, its fall, [199]. See [Silchester]
Carentan, [72]
Castles, beginning of in England, [14];
in Normandy, earlier and later sites of, [58];
question as to the earliest date of stone castles in Normandy, [97]
Caudebec, Teutonic origin of the name, [6]
Cerisy, [8]
Chandos, Sir John, building of the keep of St. Saviour attributed to, [71]
Channel Islands, their relation to England, [65]
Chartres, contrasted with Le Mans, [200] et seq.;
its historical associations, [202], [203];
architectural features of its cathedral church, [203], [204];
why it differs from Le Mans, [204];
its height, [207];
its secondary churches, [209]
Cherbourg, name probably cognate with Scarborough, [68]
Churches, Norman, French and English, compared, [9], [23], [24], [46], [111]
Cintheaux, [53], [54]
Colomby, [70]
Côtentin, derivation of the name, [62];
its peninsular character, [64], [65];
acquired by William Longsword, [66]
Coutances, cathedral church of, [22] et seq., [82];
its sham west front compared with that of Wells, [25];
its internal architecture compared with that of Bayeux, [26], [27];
men of, at Senlac, [66];
its position, [72], [73], [75], [83];
aqueduct at, [73], [88];
its diocese enlarged, [81]
D
Diablintes, tribal name survives in Jublains, [190]
Dieppe, meaning of the name, [6]
Dinan, [22], [54], [55]
Dive, river, battle by, [60]
Dol, church of, [22], et seq.;
compared with S. Canice at Kilkenny, [25], [30];
its position suggests St. David's, [30];
east end compared with Wells, [31]
Domfront, fortress of, won by William, [56], [228];
compared with Falaise, ib.
Dumaine, l'Abbé L.V., his history of Tinchebray, [117], [118]
E
Eadgar the Ætheling, at Tinchebray, [121];
taken prisoner and released, [123]
Ecclesiastical foundations, choice of sites for, [42], [43]
Emma, Abbess of Almenèches, sister of Robert of Bellême, [140–143]
England, likeness of Normandy to, how accounted for, [5–7]
Eu, its historical associations, [58], [59]
Evreux, [4], [8], [24]
Evron, abbey at, [234]
Exeter, commonwealth of, compared with Le Mans, [212], [213]
Exmes, [139] et seq.;
site of the castle, [144], [145];
its church, [146–149]
F
Falaise, birthplace of William the Conqueror, [10], [12];
its historical associations, [11], [12];
probable date of the castle, [15];
its position, [16], [17];
origin of the name, [16];
spoiled by so-called restoration, [18–20], [53];
compared with Domfront, [56]
Fécamp, abbey of, [43] et seq.;
transitional period well marked at, [47], [48];
its fourteenth century alteration compared with Waltham, [49], [50]
Flers, [113]
G
Gally Knight, Mr., quoted, [82], [86], [106]
Geoffrey of Mowbray, Bishop of Coutances, [67], [80]
Geoffrey, Count of Mayenne, his betrayal of the Commune of Le Mans, [214], [231]
Geoffrey Malaterra, quoted, [93], [94]
Granville, [73]
H
Harold, son of Godwine, received by William at Eu, [58];
the guest of William Patey, [114], [115]
Harold Blaatand, his settlement in the Côtentin, [5], [66];
delivers the Norman Duchy, [60]
Hauteville-la-Guichard, [90] et seq.
Helias of La Flèche, Count of Maine, at Tinchebray, [121], [122]
Henry I. of England, [54];
Avranchin held by, [76];
wins back Saint James, [78];
victorious at Tinchebray, [115], [120], [123];
his treatment of Robert, [123];
at Saint-Evroul, [164]
Henry II. of England, homage paid him at Falaise by William the Lion, [11];
his hospital at Le Mans, [209], [220]
Henry I. of France, helps William against his rebellious vassals, [35];
his personal experiences at Val-ès-dunes, ib.;
sees the slaughter at Varaville, [61];
burns Argentan, [128], [130], [171];
fortress of Tillières burned by, [171];
re-fortifies Tillières, ib.
Henry of Beaumont, Earl of Warwick, [91]
Herbert Wake-Dog, Count of Maine, [218]
Herlwin, Abbot of Saint Peter's, Orleans, pillages Abbey of Saint-Evroul, [164]
Hildebert, Bishop of Le Mans, ordered to pull down the towers of Saint Julian's, [132], [208]
Holy Trinity, Abbey church of, at Beaumont-le-Roger, [185–187]
Hubert of Rye receives William on his escape from Valognes, [114]
Humfrey de Vetulis, father of Roger of Beaumont, [180]
Hundred Years' War, personal nomenclature in Normandy, affected by, [5]
J
Jublains and Silchester compared, [189–191];
origin of the name, [190];
its position, [191], [192];
its Roman remains, [192], et seq.;
numismatic evidence for date of fortress, [196–199]
L
La Lande-Patry, [114], [115]
Laigle, surname misunderstood, [154–156]
Langlois, significance of the name, [5]
Laval, [231], [232]
Le Mans, contrasted with Chartres, [200], et seq.;
Saint Julian's keeps its ancient nave, [205–207];
its thirteenth century choir, [207], [208];
destruction of its towers ordered by William Rufus, [208];
its secondary churches, [209], [220];
Henry the Second's hospital at, [220];
owes its special character to its municipal history, [210–214];
its analogy with Exeter, [212], [213];
no existing monuments of the time of the Commune, [215];
its position, ib.;
Roman and mediæval walls, [216], [217], [218];
position of Saint Julian's, [217], [218];
early greatness of its ecclesiastical and civil rulers, [217];
its buildings, [218], [219];
William's fortresses at, [219], [220];
birthplace of Henry the Second, [220];
German occupation of, [221];
ruthless destruction at, [222];
menhir at, [223]
Les Vieilles, faubourg of, at Roger-le-Beaumont, [180];
church of, [187], [188]
Lessay, [72]
Lewis-from-beyond-Sea, King of the West-Franks, taken captive by Harold Blaatand, [60]
Limay, [52], [53]
Louise of Silly, Abbess of Almenèches, [150]
M
Maine, its history, [224] et seq.;
its modern division, [225];
architectural borderland between Normandy and Anjou, [226]
Malger, Count of Mortain, [104]
Mantes, [51], [53]
Matilda of Flanders, Queen, her church of the Holy Trinity at Caen, [8];
married to William at Eu, [58]
Matilda, daughter of Richard the Fearless, marries Odo of Chartres, [170];
dispute about her dowry, ib.
Matilda, Abbess of Almenèches, [143]
Mayenne, [57], [58], [225], [230], [231]
Montacute, siege of, raised by Geoffrey of Mowbray, [67];
Norman name of Leodgaresburh (Lutgaresburg), [105]
Mortagne, [101]
Mortain, its position, [101], [102];
site of the castle, [103];
its history, [104];
foundation of Saint-Evroul at, [105]
Mortemer, battle of, [35];
its position, [38], [39];
reason for its historic interest, ib.;
surprise of the French at, [40]
N
Næodunum, [190], [198]. See [Jublains]
Neufbourg, [110]
Neufchâtel-en-Bray, its hills and cheeses, [39]
Names, confusion of, [100], [101], [154], [155]
Nomenclature, personal, in Normandy, affected by Hundred Years' War, [5];
local traces of Danish, in Normandy, [6];
in Gaul, [63]
Normandy, its points of likeness with England, [3], [4], [41];
compared with France proper, [3];
Teutonic elements in, [5], [6];
traces of Danish local nomenclature in, [6];
its ecclesiastical buildings, [8];
compared with those of France proper, [9], [23], [24];
restoration and destruction in, [17–20], [29];
importance of its early history, [33];
its political absorption by France, [41], [218]
Normans and English, original kindred of, [5–7];
in England, English fusion of, [15];
in Normandy, French fusion of, ib.
Notre-Dame, Avesnières, [233]
Notre-Dame, Domfront, [57]
Notre-Dame, Saint-Lo, [83–85]
Notre-Dame, Verneuil, [178]
Notre-Dame de La Couture, Abbey of, Le Mans, [209], [220], [226]
Notre-Dame de la Place, Argentan, [136]
Notre-Dame-du-Pré, Le Mans, [209], [220], [226]
O
Odelerius, sends his son Orderic to Saint-Evroul, [162]
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, his work at Bayeux, [26], [28]
Odo II., Count of Chartres, refuses to give up his wife's dowry, [170];
defeated, [171]
Orderic (Vital), at Neufbourg, [110], [119];
at Saint-Evroul, [143], [160], [162]
Oximenses, use of the name, [140]
P
Palgrave, Sir Francis, quoted, [39], [64], [101], [226]
Periers, [72]
Petit, Mr., quoted, [1]
Puiseux, M.L., quoted, [33]
Q
Querqueville, church of, [68], [69];
origin of the name, [69]
Quilly, [53], [54]
R
Rennes, [55]
Richard the Fearless, Duke of the Normans, educated at Bayeux, [2]
Richard the Good, Duke of the Normans, fortifies Tillières, [170];
his dispute with Odo of Chartres, ib.
Richer of Laigle, his character and death, [156]
Robert the Magnificent (the "Devil"), Duke of the Normans, castle of Falaise attributed to, [13–15]
Robert, Duke of the Normans, eldest son of William, [54];
his march to Tinchebray, [119];
his captivity, [123];
defeated by Robert of Bellême, [143]
Robert, Count of Meulan, son of Roger of Beaumont, [91], [179], [181], [184];
at Tinchebray, [122]
Robert, Count of Mortain, [103], [105], [106]
Robert of Bellême, at Tinchebray, [120], [121];
banished by Henry, [141];
his treatment of Almenèches, [142];
defeats Robert, [143];
his imprisonment, ib.
Robert of Grantmesnil, Abbot of Saint-Evroul, [162]
Robert of Torigny, quoted, [122], [137]
Robert the Bigod, accuses William of Mortain of treason, [105]
Robert Wiscard, [91], [92], [98], [181]
Roger I., Count of Sicily, [92], [98]
Roger of Beaumont, [91], [179], [180]
Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, [140], [141]
Roger of Poitou son of Earl Roger, [137], [141], [142]
Rolf, his settlement, [5], [36]
Rouen, its French character, [2], [6];
death of William the Conqueror at, [51]
S
Saint Andrew, Chartres, [209]
Saint Canice, Kilkenny, central tower of, compared with that of Dol, [25]
Saint Cross, Saint-Lo, [85]–[87]
Saint-Evroul, 14[3]; his story, [162];
his name, [163];
memorials and relics of, [167]
Saint Evroul Abbey, home of Orderic, [143], [160], et seq.;
restored by families of Geroy and Grantmesnil, [162];
pillaged by order of Hugh the Great, [164];
its architectural remains, [165–167]
Saint-Evroul, Mortain, its foundation, [106];
its architectural features, [106–108]
Saint German, Argentan, [127], [131–136]
Saint Gervase, Falaise, [16], [173]
Saint James, topographical use of the name, [77];
fortified by William the Conqueror, ib., [78];
won back by Henry the Ætheling, ib.;
its position, ib.;
site of William's castle, [79]
Saint John, Verneuil, its tower, [176], [177]
Saint Julian's, Le Mans, contrasted with cathedral church of Chartres, [200] et seq.;
Romanesque work at, [206], [207];
Angevin style in, [226]. See also [Le Mans].
Saint-Lo (Manche), town and church of, [83–87]
Saint-Lo, Rouen, [80]
Saint Martin, Argentan, [131], [134–136]
Saint Martin, Laigle, [157], [158]
Saint Martin-in-the-Vale, Chartres, [209]
Saint Mary Magdalen, Verneuil, its fine tower, [175], [176]
Saint Michael in Peril of the Sea, [44], [55]
Saint Nicolas, Beaumont-le-Roger, [181], [182]
Saint Nicolas, Coutances, [87], [88]
Saint Peter, Abbey, Chartres, [209]
Saint Peter, Coutances, [85], [87], [88];
compared with Saint German, Argentan, [131]
Saint Price, near Laval, [234]
Saint Ouen, Rouen, [24]
Saint Remigius, Tinchebray, [119]
Saint Saviour, castle and abbey of, [70], [71]
Saint Stephen's, Caen, [8], [26]
Sainte-Susanne, [156], [234]
Saxons, settlement of, at Bayeux, [5]
Silchester and Jublains, compared, [189–191]
Sillé-le-Guillaume, [234]
Surnames of places, [91], [92];
misunderstood, [100], [101], [154–156]
T
Talbot, John, Earl of Shrewsbury, his tower at Falaise, [11], [15], [16]
Tancred of Hauteville, his home, [90], [95], [97], [98]
Tillières, its position and history, [169–171];
church at, [172], [173]
Tinchebray, battle of, an English victory, [115], [116], [120];
site of the battle, [117]
V
Val-ès-dunes, battle of, a victory of the Roman over the Teuton, [35];
site of the battle-field, [36], [37]
Valognes, [69], [70]
Varaville, battle of, [60]
Verneuil, its position, [173];
castle and donjon at, [174], [175];
churches at, [175–178]
Vimont, M. Eugène, his book on Argentan, [128], [136]
Vire, [112]
W
Wace, value of his description of the battle of Val-ès-dunes, [37], [38];
quoted, [114], [169]
Wells, west front of cathedral church compared with that of Coutances, [25];
east end compared with Dol, [31]
William Longsword, Duke of the Normans, Danish education of his son, [2];
wins the Côtentin, [66]
William the Conqueror, his church of S. Stephen at Caen, [8];
his birthplace, [10], [12];
his attempt at learning English, [12];
modern estimate of in Falaise, [13];
present at the dedication of Odo's church at Bayeux, [28];
results of his personal qualities, [34];
seeks help of Henry I. of France, [34], [35];
burns Mantes, [52];
his marriage to Matilda at Eu, [58];
Domfront submits to, [56];
fortifies Ambrières, [57];
his conquest of Mayenne, ib., [230];
takes Arques, [59];
his surprise of the French at Varaville, [61];
his escape from Valognes, [70], [114];
fortifies Saint James, [77–79];
gives the lands of William of Mortain to his half-brother Robert, [105];
opposition of Le Mans to, [212]
William Rufus, bids Bishop Hildebert pull down the towers of Saint
Julian's, [132], [208]
William, Count of Arques, his fortress, [59]
William, Count of Mortain, [104];
his lands given to Robert, [105];
founds l'Abbaye Blanche, [109];
with Duke Robert at Tinchebray, [119], [120], [121];
taken prisoner, [123];
his alleged blinding, ib.
William of Saint-Calais, use of the surname, [155]
William Patry, receives Harold at La Lande, [115]
William the Lion, King of Scots, does homage to Henry II. at Falaise, [11]

THE END.

RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY

---