Such a building, on such a site, found in such a case, suggests thoughts which bring all the ages of the world together. The old glory of Olympia passed away; free Elis—whatever we say of free Pisa—no longer gathered the competitors of free Hellas from Massalia to Trapezous to strive in a national solemnity before the national gods of Hellas. But Olympia lived on as long as the Roman masters of Hellas clave to the gods of Rome, and saw the gods of Rome in the gods of Hellas. A day came when the lord of Rome cast away his faith alike in Zeus of Olympia and in Jupiter of the Capitol; a day followed when a later prince forbade either worship, when the games of Olympia ceased as a rite of the forbidden worship, when her temples were forsaken or destroyed or made into materials for new temples of the new creed. Presently barbaric invasions swept away the new temple and the old alike. Zeus was still worshipped on Tainaros; St. Andrew still helped his votaries at Patras; but the temples, pagan and Christian, of the Olympian Altis lay hidden and forgotten, and the hill of Kronos looked down on solitude instead of on the great religious centre of the Hellenic race. Ages after, the zeal of strangers working on Hellenic ground brings to light the ruins of the pagan temples, and with them the ruins of the Christian Church. We rejoice in both discoveries; only let it be remembered that each alike is part of the history of Hellas and of the history of man. We will at least believe that there is no fear that the recovered church of Olympia may share the same fate which the narrowness of classical barbarism decreed for the ducal tower of Athens.
INDEX.
A
- Acciauoli, Nerio, his bequest of Athens, [26]
- Achaia, League of, [209];
- Ægæan Sea, islands of, [14];
- Greek colonies on, [204]
- Ælfred, King of the West Saxons, his view of the rule of Odysseus, [3], [4]
- Agamemnôn, “Schliemann’s,” preserved at Chorbati, [126], [149], [160]
- Aigina, position and history of, [73–77];
- compared with Salamis, ib.
- Aitôlia, League of, [209];
- Akarnania, not in the Homeric Catalogue, [215], [216];
- special character of, [216]
- Akrokorinthos, pre-eminence of, [182], [186], [189], [199];
- Akropolis of Athens, how its history should be studied, [18–24];
- Aktê (Argolic), [77], [117]
- Alaric, King of the West-Goths, at Athens, [24];
- Andronikos Kyrrhestês, octagonal tower of, [38–40]
- Appian Way, the, its analogy with the Sacred Way of Athens, [226]
- Aratos, deliverer and betrayer of Corinth, [190], [212]
- Arch, the pointed, as old or older, in its constructive form, than the round, [89], [99], [153], [154];
- Argos, contrasted with Mykênê and Tiryns, [86], [90], [93], [96], [97], [106], [121], [123];
- increase of her power, [93];
- modern Argos contrasted with modern Athens, [106], [107];
- Turkish influence on modern Argos, [107], [108];
- its later history, [108];
- use of the name Argos, [110];
- Homeric position of, ib., [113];
- her destruction of Mykênê, [111], [112], [120], [124], [158];
- her early history and its continuity, [112–115], [162];
- ancient wall and theatre of, [118];
- Roman remains in, ib., [120];
- Byzantine church at, [119], [120]
- Arta, modern Greek frontier fixed at, [1]
- Athens, continuity of its history, [16–22], [247], [248];
- the birthplace of political history, [16], [204];
- contrast between old and new Athens, [17], [32], [34];
- compared with Rome, ib.;
- results of Turkish rule in, [18];
- her primæval and later walls, [19], [20], [22];
- historical importance of the earliest wall, [20], [22];
- her position in the Homeric Catalogue, [21];
- visit of Basil the Second to, [23], [24], [26];
- Alaric at, [24];
- extinction of her schools by Justinian, ib.;
- bequeathed by Nerio Acciauoli to Venice, [26];
- fame of, under foreign Dukes, [27];
- a piece of history wiped out by the destruction of the tower of the Dukes, [28–31], [274];
- temple of Olympian Zeus at, [32], [33], [38];
- how Athens differs from other cities, [34], [35];
- growth of art in, from Aristiôn to Pheidias, [37];
- one remaining mosque at, [41], [50];
- variety of remains in the agorê, [42];
- study of Christian-Greek architecture in, [43–50];
- metropolitan church at, [45], [47];
- date of Byzantine architecture in, difficult to fix, [46], [47];
- latest buildings at, not less worthy of study than the earliest, [50];
- the practical centre of modern Greek travelling, [68–70];
- modern Athens contrasted with modern Argos, [106];
- its geographical separation from Eleusis, [230], [231]
- Attica, [15];
- not mentioned as a land in the Homeric map, [21];
- merged in Athens, ib.
B
- Basil I., the Macedonian, converts the Mainotes, [9]
- Basil II., the Slayer of the Bulgarians, visits Athens after his Bulgarian conquests, [23], [24], [26]
- Blakesley, Dean, value of his comments on the narrative of Herodotus, [61], [63];
- on Zôstêr, [242]
- Byron, at Mesolongi, [2];
- application of “the curse of Minerva” to the destroyers of the ducal tower, [31]
C
- Carthage, her fate compared with that of Corinth, [187]
- Cashel, Rock of, serves as a parallel to the Athenian Akropolis, [33], [194]
- Cerigo, [6], [13]
- Cheddar, pass of, its Mykênaian character, [128]
- Chorbati, [125], [164]
- Commonwealths, Greek and Lombard, compared, [70–73]
- Constantine Porphyrogennêtos, his use of the name Hellênes, [8–10]
- Corinth, her position in Grecian legend and history, [183], [184], [195–198];
- taken by Mummius, [185], [198];
- her final overthrow by earthquake, ib.;
- her origin Hellenic, not Phœnician, [186], [187];
- her fate compared with that of Carthage, [187];
- temple of Athênê at, [188], [189], [198], [201];
- her freedom proclaimed by Flamininus, [198];
- absence of “Corinthians” in, [199], [200];
- special vocal powers of man, beast, and fowl in, [200], [201];
- her western position, [206]
- Corinthian Gulf, the, its historical position, [215]