The Immigrant Tide, Its Ebb and Flow

by Edward Alfred Steiner

THE new Immigrant groups which are more difficult to classify according to race, nationality and religion:

	The Slavs
	I. Western Slavs
	Nationality
Name	or political division	Religion
Bohemian	The Kingdom of Bohemia	Roman Catholic
or Czech	a province of Austria	Protestant
Moravians	Moravia	Roman Catholic
	a province of Austria	Protestant
Poles	Poland	Roman Catholic
	divided by the European
	powers into
	The Russian province of
	Poland
	The German province of
	Posen
	The Austrian province of
	Galicia
Slovaks	A number of districts in	Roman Catholic
	Hungary chiefly in and	Protestant
	near the Carpathians
Wends	Settlements in Germany,	Roman Catholic
	Prussia and Saxony	Protestant
	2. Eastern Slavs
Russians	Russia	Greek Orthodox
{Little Russians	Southern Russia	Greek Orthodox
{Ruthenians	Galicia	and
{Russniaks	Hungary	Greek Catholic
	3. Southern Slavs
Servians	The Kingdom of Servia	Greek Orthodox
	some districts in
	Southern Hungary	Greek Orthodox
Croatians	Croatia	Roman Catholic
	a province of Hungary	and
	Greek Orthodox
Montenegrins	Montenegro	Greek Orthodox
	an independent principality
Bosnians	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Greek Orthodox
and	Provinces of Austria	Roman Catholic
Herzogovinians	Mohammedan
Dalmatians	Dalmatia	Greek Orthodox
	a province of Austria	Roman Catholic
Slovenes	Carinthia	Roman Catholic
or Griners	Carnolia	Protestant
	Provinces of Austria
Bulgarians	Czardom of Bulgaria	Greek Orthodox
	Districts in Southern
	Hungary
	Eastern European Groups Non-Slavic
Magyars	Kingdom of Hungary	Roman Catholic
		and Protestant
Finns	Finland	Protestant
	a semi-independent
	province of Russia
Roumanian	Kingdom of Roumania	Greek Orthodox
		Roman Catholic
Lithuanians	District in Russia	Roman Catholic
		and Protestant
Greeks	Kingdom of Greece	Greek Orthodox
Albanians	Albania	Greek Orthodox
	a province of	Roman Catholic
	Turkey	and
		Mohammedan
	Groups from the Ottoman Empire
Armenians	Asia Minor	Armenian Catholic Church
		Gregorian Church
		Protestant
Syrians	Syria a province of Turkey	Syrian church	{Jacobite {Maronite {Ancient Syrian (Roman Catholic)

APPENDIX II
NET IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES
1899-1908

THERE is much misapprehension in the popular mind, both as to the number of immigrants arriving in the United States, and those remaining for permanent residence.

Until 1907, all aliens arriving were enumerated; but of those departing, no record was kept.

The Commissioner General of Immigration arrived at the figures of net immigration given below, by estimating the departures according to figures obtained during four months in 1907, when the returning tide of immigration was normal.

The year 1908 shows an abnormally small increase, due to the industrial depression in that year, when the returning tide of immigration was very strong. The following tables show that a large number return every year, and I am inclined to believe that the estimated figures of the net increase are too high, and that the permanent increase of the foreign-born population cannot be calculated from this insufficient data.

The net gain in our foreign born population in the last ten years is estimated as 5,240,200 which is 68% of the total immigration.

	Alien arrivals.
Year.	Accepted immigration figures.	Other alien arrivals.	Total alien arrivals.	Total alien departures estimated.	Net immigration estimated.	Ratio estimated net immigration accepted immigration figure.
1899	311,715	[7]45,000	356,715	172,837	183,878	59	per cent.
1900	448,572	65,635	514,207	206,351	307,856	69	"
1901	487,918	74,950	562,868	209,318	353,550	72	"
1902	648,743	82,055	730,798	220,103	510,695	79	"
1903	857,046	64,269	921,315	247,559	673,756	79	"
1904	812,870	27,844	840,714	332,019	508,695	63	"
1905	1,026,499	33,256	1,059,755	385,111	674,644	66	"
1906	1,100,735	65,618	1,166,353	356,257	810,096	74	"
1907	1,285,349	153,120	1,433,469	431,306	1,007,163	78	"
1908	782,870	141,825	924,695	[8]714,828	[8]209,867	27	"
Total	7,762,317	753,572	8,510,889	3,275,689	5,240,200