The only apparent variation from the general provenience pattern is the occurrence of all 17 of the Bullard Brushed sherds at Mound C. However, only two vessels are represented by the Bullard sherds, and because of the small sample it is probably of no particular significance that they all were found at one mound.
Some of the projectile point types may have derived exclusively from a light pre-mound occupation of Archaic affiliation. But the Gary and Perdiz types are unquestionably associated with the mounds and the houses. The Coles Creek Incised (?) and Beldeau Incised (?) sherds may pre-date the mounds.
Table 1
Provenience of the Artifacts
Column Headings Mound A A1—Sub-Mound (Zone IIb) A2—Intermediate Zone A3—Mound Fill A4—Bur. 1 Assoc. A5—Grave Fill, Bur. 1 A6—Feature 1 A7—Disturbed Areas Etc. Mound B B1—Sub-Mound B2—Mound Fill B3—House No. 3 B4—Disturbed Areas Etc. Mound C C1—Sub-Mound C2—Mound Fill C3—House No. 1 C4—House No. 2 C5—Disturbed Areas Etc. Mound D D1—Sub-Mound D2—Mound Fill D3—House No. 4 D4—Disturbed Areas Etc. Floodplain Trenches F1—Zone IIa F2—Intermediate Zone F3—Zone IIb T—Totals
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | F1 | F2 | F3 | T | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ripley Engraved Vessels | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Potsherds: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous Brushed | 11 | 10 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 8 | — | 3 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 118 | ||||||
| Miscellaneous Incised | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 22 | ||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous Appliquéd | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous Punctated | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 8 | ||||||||||
| Miscellaneous Engraved | 9 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 92 | |||||
| Plain | 27 | 31 | 64 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 16 | 6 | 32 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 260 | |||||
| Bullard Brushed | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | — | — | 17 | |||||||||||||||
| Pease Brushed—Incised | 2 | 3 | 5 | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 | |||||||||||||||
| Crockett Curv.—Incised | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coles Cr. or Chase Incised | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Maydelle Incised (?) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ripley Engraved | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | ||||||||||
| Taylor Engraved | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Gibson Aspect, Engraved | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Beldeau Incised (?) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | |||||
| Perforated Ceramic Disc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||||
| Conical Ceramic Object | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dart Points: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gary | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Wells | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| San Patrice | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Trinity (?) | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ellis | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Palmillas (?) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Unident. Contract. stem | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rectangular Stem | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Arrow Points: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Perdiz | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unident. expanding stem | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bifacial Blades | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Worked Nodules | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Chipped Stone Drills | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fragmentary chipped | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| St. Arts. | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Milling Stones | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Pitted Stones | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Grooved Stones | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Ground Stone Fragments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | ||
| TOTALS | 62 | 50 | 119 | 3 | 17 | 4 | 16 | 14 | 34 | 21 | 55 | 3 | 36 | 47 | 27 | 42 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 20 | 610 | |
Summary and Discussion
Excavations at the Harroun Site in Upshur County, Texas, revealed abundant evidence of a Fulton Aspect occupation related to four small mounds on the floodplain of Cypress Creek. An earlier pre-mound occupation was indicated by the presence of a few scattered artifacts and stone chips buried as deeply as four feet below the surface of the floodplain. Remains of the pre-mound occupation are very sparse, however, and it is not possible to make an accurate statement of its character. The predominance of stone chips and crude stone artifacts suggests Archaic affiliation, but Fulton Aspect sherds also occurred well down in the floodplain and no pure Archaic zones were found.
The internal structure of each of the four mounds was determined in some detail. Beneath Mound A, the smallest one, was an extended burial of an adolescent male. Offerings associated with the burial were a Perdiz arrow point, a small carinated bowl, and a bottle with an expanding neck. Both vessels are of the Ripley Engraved type. The grave had been dug from the bottom of a broad, shallow pit excavated in the surface of the floodplain; the mound had then been erected over the grave.
A prepared clay hearth in the middle of the mound fill indicated that Mound A had been built in two stages. However, the uneroded condition of the hearth and the absence of a discernible break between the upper and lower portions of the mound disallow the possibility of an appreciable lapse of time between the two construction stages. Since the mound fill contained a quantity of cultural refuse, it must have been taken from a nearby area of fairly heavy occupation. The floodplain near Mound A was tested by means of trenches and small pits, but the assumed occupation area was not discovered.
Mounds B, C, and D each contained evidence of at least one circular house structure which had been burned and then mounded over with sand. Because of the consistent pattern of burning, paucity of domestic artifacts, and burial of the house ruins beneath mounds, it is believed that the structures were ceremonial in function and that the burning was intentional. The few artifacts associated with the house structures indicate that they all were built by a single group of people related to the Titus Focus of the Fulton Aspect.