| PAGE |
| CHAPTER I. |
| Man, Ancient and Modern | [1] |
| Antiquity of Man, [1]—Time required for Development of Races, [1]—ofLanguages, [7]—of Civilization, [13]—Traces of Man in the StoneAge, [25]—Later Period, [26]—Earlier Quaternary or Drift-Period, [29]. |
| CHAPTER II. |
| Man and other Animals | [35] |
| Vertebrate Animals, [35]—Succession and Descent of Species, [37]—Apesand Man, comparison of Structure, [38]—Hands and Feet, [42]—Hair,[44]—Features, [44]—Brain, [45]—Mind in Lower Animals andMan, [47]. |
| CHAPTER III. |
| Races of Mankind | [56] |
| Differences of Race, [56]—Stature and Proportions, [56]—Skull, [60]—Features,[62]—Colour, [66]—Hair, [71]—Constitution, [73]—Temperament,[74]—Types of Races, [75]—Permanence, [80]—Mixture, [80]—Variation,[84]—Races of Mankind classified, [87]. |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| Language | [114] |
| Sign-making, [114]—Gesture-language, [114]—Sound-gestures, [120]—Natural Language,[122]—Utterances of Animals, [122]—Emotionaland Imitative Sounds in Language, [124]—Change of Sound andSense, [127]—Other expression of Sense by Sound, [128]—Children’sWords, [128]—Articulate Language, its relation to Natural Language,[129]—Origin of Language, [130]. |
| CHAPTER V. |
| Language (continued) | [132] |
| Articulate Speech, [132]—Growth of Meanings, [133]—Abstract Words,[135]—Real and Grammatical Words, [136]—Parts of Speech, [138]—Sentences,[139]—Analytic Language, [139]—Word Combination, [140]—SyntheticLanguage, [141]—Affixes, [142]—Sound-change, [143]—Roots,[144]—Syntax, [146]—Government and Concord, [147]—Gender,[149]—Development of Language, [150]. |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| Language and Race | [152] |
| Adoption and loss of Language, [152]—Ancestral Language, [153]—Familiesof Language, [155]—Aryan, [156]—Semitic, [159]—Egyptian,Berber, &c., [160]—Tatar or Turanian, [161]—South-East Asian, [162]—Malayo-Polynesian,[163]—Dravidian, [164]—African, Bantu, Hottentot,[164]—American, [165]—Early Languages and Races, [165]. |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| Writing | [167] |
| Picture-writing, [168]—Sound-pictures, [169]—Chinese Writing, [170]—CuneiformWriting, [172]—Egyptian Writing, [173]—AlphabeticWriting, [175]—Spelling, [178]—Printing, [180]. |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| Arts of Life | [182] |
| Development of Instruments, [183]—Club, Hammer, [184]—Stone-flake,[185]—Hatchet, [188]—Sabre, Knife, [189]—Spear, Dagger, Sword, [190]—Carpenter’sTools, [192]—Missiles, Javelin, [193]—Sling, Spear-thrower,[194]—Pew and Arrow, [195]—Blow tube, Gun, [196]—MechanicalPower, [197]—Wheel-Carriage, [198]—Hand-mill, [200]—Drill,Lathe, [202]—Screw, [203]—Water-mill, Wind-mill, [204]. |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| Arts of Life (continued) | [206] |
| Quest of wild food, [206]—Hunting, [207]—Trapping, [211]—Fishing, [212]—Agriculture,[214]—Implements, [216]—Fields, [218]—Cattle, pasturage,[219]—War, [221]—Weapons, [221]—Armour, [222]—Warfare oflower tribes, [223]—of higher nations, [225]. |
| CHAPTER X. |
| Arts of Life (continued) | [229] |
| Dwellings:—Caves, [229]—Huts, [230]—Tents, [231]—Houses, [231]—Stoneand Brick Building, [232]—Arch, [235]—Development of Architecture,[235]—Dress:—Painting skin, [236]—Tattooing, [237]—Deformationof Skull, &c., [240]—Ornaments, [241]—Clothing of Bark,Skin, &c., [244]—Mats, [246]—Spinning, Weaving, [246]—Sewing[249]—Garments, [249]—Navigation:—Floats, [252]—Boats, [253]—Rafts,[255]—Outriggers, [255]—Paddles and Oars, [256]—Sails,[256]—Galleys and Ships, [257]. |
| CHAPTER XI. |
| Arts of Life (concluded) | [260] |
| Fire, [260]—Cookery, [264]—Bread, &c., [266]—Liquors, [268]—Fuel, [270]—Lighting,[272]—Vessels, [274]—Pottery, [274]—Glass, [276]—Metals,[277]—Bronze and Iron Ages, [278]—Barter, [281]—Money, [282]—Commerce,[285]. |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| Arts of Pleasure | [287] |
| Poetry, [287]—Verse and Metre, [288]—Alliteration and Rhyme, [289]—PoeticMetaphor, [289]—Speech, Melody, Harmony, [290]—MusicalInstruments, [293]—Dancing, [296]—Drama, [298]—Sculpture andPainting, [300]—Ancient and Modern Art, [301]—Games, [305]. |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| Science | [309] |
| Science, [309]—Counting and Arithmetic, [310]—Measuring and Weighing,[316]—Geometry, [318]—Algebra, [322]—Physics, [323]—Chemistry,[328]—Biology, [329]—Astronomy, [332]—Geography and Geology, [335]—Methodsof Reasoning, [336]—Magic, [338]. |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| The Spirit-World | [342] |
| Religion of Lower Races, [342]—Souls, [343]—Burial, [347]—Future Life,[349]—Transmigration, [350]—Divine Ancestors, [351]—Demons, [352]—NatureSpirits, [357]—Gods, [358]—Worship, [364]—Moral Influence,[368]. |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| History and Mythology | [373] |
| Tradition, [373]—Poetry, [375]—Fact in Fiction, [377]—Earliest Poemsand Writings, [381]—Ancient Chronicle and History, [383]—Myths,[387]—Interpretation of Myths, [396]—Diffusion of Myths, [397]. |
| CHAPTER XVI. |
| Society | [401] |
| Social Stages, [401]—Family, [402]—Morals of Lower Races, [405]—PublicOpinion and Custom, [408]—Moral Progress, [410]—Vengeanceand Justice, [414]—War, [418]—Property, [419]—Legal Ceremonies,[423]—Family Power and Responsibility, [426]—Patriarchaland Military Chiefs, [428]—Nations, [432]—Social Ranks, [434]—Government,[436]. |