Karl v. Rokitansky (1804-1878), one of the most famous of the founders of the New Vienna School, was so indefatigable a pathologist that he is said to have celebrated his thirty-thousandth post-mortem in 1866. His great work, The Handbook of Pathological Anatomy, was published in 1841.
Joseph Skoda (1805-1881), a physician of the New Vienna School, improved physical diagnosis by his application of the laws of sound. He rendered percussion more perfect by correctly explaining the import of the various sounds heard on striking the chest. He threw great light upon our knowledge of the phenomena of heart diseases.
Hebra (1816-1880) created a revolution in the science of skin diseases by basing it upon pathological anatomy.
Wunderlich (1815-1877) introduced the use of the clinical thermometer as an important aid to diagnosis, and claimed that “pathology is the physiology of sick men.”
Rudolph Virchow (born 1821), the constructor of the cellular pathology, is a celebrated German pathologist and anthropologist. On the basis of the cellular theory, which teaches that the cells live their own independent life, have their own active properties, proliferations and degenerations, Virchow built up his cellular pathology into a comprehensive system, attaching greater importance to the cell changes than to an altered condition of the circulation or quality of the blood, as was previously held to account for pathological changes. The theory explains many facts which were previously obscure, but is not wholly satisfactory. Virchow’s system led to the foundation of pathological histology.
Sir Andrew Clark, M.D., F.R.S., President of the College of Physicians, London (born 1826), is a physician distinguished alike for his profound scientific knowledge and his admirable skill in its application to the relief and cure of disease. As a physiologist, anatomist, and pathologist, especially in connection with the organs of respiration, the kidneys, and digestive functions, Sir Andrew Clark occupies the foremost place in English medical practice of the time. He has written extensively on diseases of the chest, is one of the most brilliant clinical lecturers of the day, and for many years has been a chief attraction in the teaching power of the London Hospital.
Sir Edward H. Sieveking, M.D., etc. (born 1816), was with Dr. H. Jones joint-author of the well-known Manual of Pathological Anatomy (1854).
Samuel Wilks, M.D., F.R.S., etc. (born 1824), is an eminent pathologist and neurologist. He published his excellent Lectures on Pathological Anatomy in 1859.[1032]
Brain and Nerve Specialists.
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826), a French physician, published a translation of Cullen’s Nosology (1785) in the language of his country. His claim to our gratitude rests on the fact that he was among the first to introduce the humane treatment of the insane. With his own hands he, when physician to the Bicêtre and Salpêtrière, removed the bonds of insane patients who had been chained to the wall for years.