Robert Remak (1815-1865) still further pursued the treatment of nervous diseases by means of the constant current. He investigated the subject of the parasitic origin of certain diseases of the skin, and produced favus experimentally.
Elie von Cyon (born 1843) continued the investigation of electro-therapeutics.
Marshall Hall (1790-1857) discovered reflex action, which fact he communicated to the Royal Society in 1833.
James Braid, a Manchester surgeon, in 1841 investigated mesmerism, and discovered what is now called hypnotism. He found that he could artificially produce “a peculiar condition of the nervous system, induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye on one object, not of an exciting nature.” Thus Braid was the first to investigate the subject scientifically, and to trace the phenomena of mesmerism to their true physiological cause. Dr. Rudolf Heidenhain, of Breslau, has recently traced these phenomena to inhibitory nervous action.[1033]
Henry Maudsley, M.D. (born 1835), is the author of several important works on mental diseases: The Physiology of Mind, The Pathology of Mind, Body and Mind, and Responsibility in Mental Disease.
John Conolly (1796-1866) was physician to Hanwell Asylum. To him is due the honour of having first in England pressed upon the notice of his profession the advantages of the “No Restraint” system in mental diseases.
Dr. Forbes Winslow was a popular and humane “mad doctor.”
John C. Bucknill, M.D., F.R.S., etc. (born 1817), is a distinguished student of mental diseases, and the author of several treatises on Unsoundness of Mind in relation to Crime and Drunkenness. He is one of the original editors of Brain, and for nine years he has edited the Journal of Mental Science.
David Ferrier, M.D., F.R.S., etc. (born 1843), a specialist in brain surgery, is well known for his researches in cerebral physiology and pathology, and has acquired great celebrity throughout the English-speaking world for his investigations connected with the localisation of the functions of the brain.
Paul Broca (1824-1880), the surgeon and anatomist, discovered that the faculty of speech lies in the third left frontal convolution of the brain, which in his honour is called Broca’s convolution.