Plastic operations were revived by C. F. von Graefe, of Warsaw (1787-1840), Delpech, Dieffenbach, B. Langenbeck, and others. After severe burns there is frequently great loss of skin; it was found that this could be repaired by the transplantation of very minute portions of skin from healthy surfaces; periosteum and bones were also successfully transplanted.
Von Kern (1769-1829), the great Viennese surgeon, emphatically insisted that surgery could not be divorced from medicine. He adopted the very opposite treatment of wounds to that followed now by Lister; instead of excluding the air for fear of the germs contained in it, he insisted that operative wounds should be freely exposed to the atmosphere. He applied the simplest dressings of wet lint.
F. Schuh (1804-1865) greatly advanced scientific surgery by advocating the use of the microscope in pathological anatomy.
Von Walther (1782-1849) was a great and scrupulously careful surgical operator, who, like Kern, declared that surgery and medicine are indivisible.
Von Chelius (1794-1876), a famous teacher of clinical surgery at Heidelberg, was a well-known writer on surgery.
Conrad J. M. Langenbeck (1776-1851) and Bernhard Langenbeck (1810-1887) greatly contributed to found military surgery in Germany.
G. F. L. Stromeyer (1804-1876), a famous military surgeon of Germany, obtained great success in that department of operative surgery known as subcutaneous division of tendons for the relief and cure of deformities such as club foot.
Friedrich Esmarch (born 1823) is famous for his invention of the method of bloodless amputations of limbs by the use of the bandage of india-rubber which goes by his name.
American Surgeons.
Valentine Mott (1785-1865), the celebrated New York surgeon, is said to have tied more arteries for the relief or cure of surgical diseases than any other surgeon.