Art. 13. British subjects may employ Chinese subjects.
Art. 14. British subjects free to hire boats; the Chinese authorities free to punish smugglers.
Art. 15. British, authorities to decide upon all questions of rights and property between British subjects.
Art. 16. British offenders to be punished according to the laws of England; Chinese subjects to be punished according to the laws of China.
Art. 17. Settles the modes of procedure in case of offences.
Art. 18. Protection of the persons and goods of British subjects.
Thus apparently ended the war of 1856-7-8. Nothing remained but the ratification of the treaty, and the fulfilment of its stipulations, which the Chinese court never intended to perform.
JAPAN.
Lord Elgin resolved to proceed to Japan, and endeavour to open that jealously guarded country to foreign intercourse. He made for his excuse to enter the Japanese waters, that his queen authorized him to bear from her a present of a beautiful steam-yacht to the Emperor of Japan. It was on the 3rd of August, 1858, that Lord Elgin reached the capital of the Japanese empire; but the circumstance is related in this chapter to preserve a continuous account of his excellency’s important mission to the Eastern Seas. Lord Elgin’s mission was successful. A treaty substantially the same as that with China was formed, and the trade of that country opened to Europe. As in China, so in Japan, American and Russian jealousy played an unworthy and not altogether ineffectual part.