CHAPTERPAGE
I.CÆSAR’S INVASIONS[1]
II.THE CLAUDIAN INVASION AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST[30]
III.THE ROMAN PROVINCE AND THE EARLIER TEUTONIC INVASIONS[58]
IV.THE ENGLISH CONQUEST[85]
V.THE VIKING RAVAGES[114]
VI.ALFRED AND THE SAVING OF WESSEX[132]
VII.THE CONQUEST OF THE DANELAW[152]
VIII.LATER VIKING RAIDS AND THE DANISH CONQUEST[162]
IX.THE INVASIONS OF 1066[177]
X.CONTINENTAL INVASIONS[209]
XI.SCOTTISH INVASIONS[223]
XII.LATER SCOTTISH INVASIONS[249]
XIII.THE SPANISH ARMADA[275]
XIV.THE AFTERMATH OF THE ARMADA[312]
XV.DE RUIJTER AND WILLIAM OF ORANGE[318]
XVI.THE ‘FIFTEEN’ AND THE ‘FORTY-FIVE’[332]
XVII.FRENCH RAIDS, 1690–1797[344]
XVIII.THE NAPOLEONIC DESIGN, 1804[351]
APPENDIX A.—THE SITE OF THE BATTLE OF ACLEA[357]
APPENDIX B.—THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLEETS IN 1588[357]
INDEX[363]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PRINTED SEPARATELY FROM THE TEXT
ADMIRAL MICHIEL ADRIAANSZOON DE RUIJTER[Frontispiece]
FACING PAGE
GAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR[17]
CLAUDIUS I.[32]
JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE[213]
A GREAT-SHIP OF THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII.[220]
THOMAS HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY[261]
KING JAMES IV. OF SCOTLAND[268]
ADMIRAL PERO MENENDEZ DE AVILES[289]
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE[304]
LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM[309]
SIR JOHN HAWKINS[316]
JAMES, DUKE OF MONMOUTH[321]
WILLIAM OF ORANGE[336]
PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD STUART[341]
GENERAL LAZARE HOCHE[346]
A HIGHLAND OUTPOST[348]
PRINTED IN THE TEXT
PAGE
TYPES OF ROMAN SOLDIERS[10]
A BRITON[15]
A ROMAN TRIREME OFF DOVER[19]
THE ROMAN WALL BETWEEN AESICA AND BORCOVICUS[55]
ANGLO-SAXON WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM[95]
A VIKING WARRIOR[115]
THE OSEBERG DRAGON SHIP[118]
SCANDINAVIAN WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM[121]
IRON HAFTED BATTLE-AXE FOUND AT WINCHESTER[123]
PLANKS TAKEN FROM A NINTH-CENTURY WAR VESSEL SUNK IN THE HAMBLE RIVER[133]
AN ANGLO-SAXON WEARING A HELMET OF LEATHER STRENGTHENED WITH METAL BANDS[135]
NORSE SHIP FOUND AT GOKSTAD[151]
HORSES BEING LANDED FROM TRANSPORTS[189]
WILLIAM’S FLAGSHIP, THE ‘MORA’[189]
THE ATTACK ON THE ENGLISH SHIELD-WALL AT HASTINGS[201]
A VERY EARLY CAST-IRON BREECH-LOADING GUN[215]
WROUGHT-IRON GUN FROM THE ‘MARIE ROSE’[219]
A BRASS CANNON ROYAL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII.[220]
THE VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM FLODDEN FIELD[253]
WEAPONS NOW PRESERVED IN BAMBOROUGH CASTLE[256]
AN ENGLISH BILLMAN[262]
A SCOTTISH PIKEMAN[265]
BROWN BILL AND A BILL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII.[267]
AN ELIZABETHAN MIDDLE-RATE GALLEON OR BATTLESHIP[281]
IRON CANNON OF THE ARMADA PERIOD[290]
BRASS DODECAGONAL SAKER OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY[296]
A DUTCH TWO-DECKED BATTLESHIP[325]
A HIGHLAND CLANSMAN OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY[335]
MARTELLO TOWERS ON THE SUSSEX COAST[362]

MAPS AND PLANS

PAGE
CÆSAR’S TWO EXPEDITIONS TO BRITAIN IN 55 AND 54 B.C.[27]
THE CAMPAIGN OF A.D. 60 AGAINST BOUDICCA[49]
THE PASS THROUGH THE LAMMERMUIRS[101]
BRITAIN FROM ABOUT 500-570[103]
BRITAIN ABOUT 613[111]
ENGLISH AND NORTHMEN AT THE DEATH OF ALFRED[149]
THE FINAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN EADMUND II. AND CNUT[175]
THE CAMPAIGN OF 1066[185]
PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS[195]
PLAN OF THE FLODDEN MANŒUVRE[259]
PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN[264]
ORDER OF SAILING OF THE SPANISH ARMADA[297]
THE DUTCH IN THE MEDWAY[322, 323]