PREFACE
During recent years the history of most of Napoleon’s great campaigns has been given to the world, with the notable exception of that of the catastrophic Russian expedition of 1812. Apart from compilations, I have met only one original work on the subject, in the English language, during the ten years the present work has been in preparation.
The publication of thousands of documents dealing with the struggle from the French side by the Historical Section of the French War Office, has rendered easily accessible an immense mass of material for the earlier period of the campaign. A beginning in this respect has also been made by the War Office at St. Petersburg, and some interesting light is thereby thrown upon the preparations on the Russian side, as well as upon the personalities of the Russian leaders. There are also many documents from private sources which have been collected and published.
My aim has been simply to relate the history of the terrible campaign in straightforward fashion, without obscuring the narrative by too much digression. I believe that, as matters stand, a better service will thus have been rendered to the cause of history than by the composition of a huge essentially technical work—for which, indeed, there is no place in this country. At present, apart from the needs of soldiers—which they are better qualified to supply than myself—it is not so much scientific discussion of the campaign that is required as knowledge of its episodes. This I have conscientiously endeavoured to supply.
I have to express my obligations to Mr. F.J. Hudleston, of the Staff Library at the War Office, for permission to make researches among the works under his charge dealing with the campaign, as well as to his assistant, Mr. Baldry, for his kind help during my work there. I am indebted to Mr. Gordon Home for much invaluable assistance, which it is easier to name than to classify, since it extends to every part of the book.
E.F.
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. [Bad News from Paris]
2. The Emperor Alexander I of Russia
3. [Prince Eugène, Son of the ex-Empress Josephine]
4. [Details of the Uniforms of the Infantry of the French Army in 1812]
5. [Marshal Davout]
6. [Prince Joseph Anthony Poniatowski, Nephew of Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland]
7. [Field-Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly]
8. [Field-Marshal Prince Golénischev-Kutuzov]
9. [General Prince Bagration, Commander of the Second Russian Army in 1812]
10. [Joachim Murat, King of Naples]
11. [The Old Fortifications of Smolensk]
12. [Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio]
13. [The First Battle of Polotsk]
14. [General of Cavalry Count Platov]
15. [Marshal Ney]
16. [Moscow from the Sparrow Hills]
17. [Napoleon’s First View of Moscow]
18. [Napoleon Watching the Burning of Moscow]
19. [The Kremlin, Moscow]
20. [Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno]
21. [The Church of Vasilii Blagorennyi at Moscow]
22. [The Council of War after the Battle of Maloyaroslavetz]
23. [Marshal Gouvion St. Cyr]
24. [Count Wittgenstein]
25. [Armed Russian Peasants in Ambush in the Woods waiting to cut off French Stragglers]
26. [The Retreat of the French from Moscow]
27. [Russian Grenadiers Pursuing the French Army]
28. [Napoleon, Berthier, Murat, and Rapp (in the order named) round camp fire]
29. [General Baron Eblé]
30. [Crossing the Berezina]
31. [Marshal Ney Supporting the Rear-guard during the Retreat from Moscow]
32. [Napoleon’s Travelling Kitchen]