[This print of Turner's Téméraire differs from the painting. The sky was engraved by R. Dickens principally in dry-point, and was toned down by J.T. Willmore; the ship and tug were engraved in line by Saddler. The rigging of the Téméraire and the mast and funnel of the tug do not correspond with the picture at the National Gallery, but Turner permitted it as making a better engraving.]
FOOTNOTES:
[67] Evelyn's Diary, July 16, 1641.
[68] The court-martial was held at Chatham on January 27, 1696, and comprised two admirals and seventeen captains. The minutes of the evidence and the sentence are in the Public Record Office. (Admiralty (Secretary's Dept.) In-Letters, 5256.)
[69] Public Record Office, Admiralty Out-Letters: Order of October 29, 1697.
[70] Sir Cloudesley Shovel is the popular form of the name. It is here given as the admiral himself spelled it.
[71] The Naval Medal was granted for Cornwallis's Retreat with a clasp inscribed '17 June 1795.' The Gazette notification records the service that the medal was granted for thus: 'Brilliant repulse of a fleet four times superior in force.'
[72] Compare the curious definition of the term 'Retreat' in Falconer's Naval Dictionary (2nd edition, 1789). 'Retreat:—The order or disposition in which a fleet of French men-of-war decline engagement, or fly from a pursuing enemy. (Note) The reader who wishes to be expert in this manœuvre will find it copiously described by several ingenious French writers ... who have given accurate instructions deduced from experience for putting in practice when occasion requires. As it is not properly a term of the British marine, a more circumstantial account of it might be considered foreign to our plan.'
[73] 'The Bellerophon,' wrote Cornwallis to the Admiralty, 'I was glad to keep in some measure in reserve.... I considered that ship as a treasure in store, having heard of her former achievements and observing the spirit manifested by all on board.' Quite unaccountably, as it so happened, the Bellerophon, the fastest 74 in the service, sailed very badly that day. According to one of her men, the reason was this: 'it warn't in the natur' of her to run from an enemy.'
[74] Admiral Cornwallis's actual words were, 'Remember, men, the Sovereign's flag and ensign are never to be struck to an enemy. She goes down with them flying.'