286. For relieving the pain and irritation of the Bladder, caused by the presence of Stone in the Bladder, Gravel, &c., no medicine gives more relief than Opium in full doses, as advised in paragraph 284. It proves, however, even more effectual if introduced into the rectum, either in the form of suppository (two grains of Opium with four grains of Soap), or in enema (30 to 40 drops of Laudanum in two ounces of thin conjee water). It may also be given with great benefit in Irritable states and Painful Affections of the Kidneys.

287. In Retention of Urine arising from Spasmodic Stricture of the Urethra, a hot bath and a full dose of Opium (25 to 30 drops of Laudanum), followed by a dose of Castor Oil, will often suffice to give relief in recent cases of no great severity following a debauch, exposure to wet, &c. The Opium given in an enema of two or three ounces of rice conjee, sometimes succeeds when it fails if given by mouth.

288. In Diabetes, Opium occasionally produces the most beneficial results, especially in old cases occurring in the aged. It requires to be given in full doses and to be persevered in, the effects being carefully watched; the dose diminished, or the remedy left off altogether, if it gives rise to headache or other bad symptoms. It is worthy of remark, however, that persons suffering from this disease will take large doses with impunity.

289. In many painful Affections of the Uterus Opium is of the greatest service. Besides being employed in the form of suppository or enema, as mentioned in paragraph 286, Camphorated Opium Liniment (291) warmed, may likewise be rubbed into the loins, or a hot rice poultice sprinkled with Laudanum applied over the lower part of the abdomen. When given internally in these cases it requires to be given in full doses, and it may be advantageously combined with Camphor (73). For the relief of After-Pains, 15 or 20 drops of Laudanum in a wineglassful of Camphor julep, or Omum water, or a little simple conjee, generally affords speedy relief. In threatened Abortion from a fall, over-exertion, &c., a similar dose of Laudanum, with perfect rest in the recumbent position, may suffice to prevent further mischief; should there be great restlessness or pain, it may be repeated with advantage.

289a. In Dysentery, Opium in full and repeated doses (one to two grains three or four times a day) was formerly in great repute, but it has fallen into disuse since the Ipecacuanha treatment has been reintroduced; still, amongst the natives it seems, in many cases, to answer better than the latter drug. Even when Ipecacuanha is employed, a preliminary dose of Laudanum (25 to 30 drops) is often of great service in enabling the stomach to bear it and in preventing its emetic operation. For the relief of the local pain, bearing down, and straining in this disease, a small enema (two ounces) of conjee, with 30 to 40 drops of Laudanum in it, affords more relief than anything else. Opium is a valuable adjunct to Catechu and other astringents in the treatment of Diarrhœa.

290. Vomiting is sometimes speedily relieved by a few drops of Laudanum (5 to 10 drops) in an effervescing draught, or a little Omum water. It may also be advantageously combined with Infusion of Cloves and other remedies.

291. There are many external or local diseases, including Chronic Rheumatism, Lumbago, and other Muscular and Neuralgic Pains, Spasms, and Bruises, Enlarged Glands, Mumps, &c., in which simple Opium Liniment, readily made by rubbing down a drachm of bazaar Opium in two ounces of Cocoanut, Sessamum, or other bland oil, proves very useful. Its efficacy, however, is greatly increased by conjoining it with an equal quantity of Camphor Liniment (68). This, which may be called Camphorated Opium Liniment, is an excellent application in many painful external affections. It should be well shaken before being used, which it may be night and morning, or oftener if required; care should be taken not to apply it to an abraded or sore surface; it is only adapted for the sound skin, and not even then if the pain is attended with much heat and redness; under these circumstances, cooling lotions (325, 380) are better adapted. This Camphorated Liniment, well rubbed in along the course of the spine, is occasionally very useful in Hooping Cough. For Stiff Neck, warm Laudanum rubbed in over the part answers better.

292. In Ophthalmia attended with great intolerance of light, great relief may be obtained by fumigating the eye with the vapour of boiling water, to which has been added a teaspoonful of Laudanum, or a couple of grains of Opium. An excellent eyewash in these cases is composed of Laudanum, Vinegar, and Brandy, each one part, and Water four parts. Toothache, depending upon a decayed tooth, is often relieved by a grain of Opium put into the hollow of the tooth; the saliva should not be swallowed. Earache also frequently yields to a mixture of equal parts of Laudanum and any bland oil, inserted into the outer passage of the ear on a piece of cotton wool: care should be taken not to push it in too far.

293. To Painful Piles, where there is much swelling and heat, a very soothing application is a soft rice poultice, the surface of which has been sprinkled with Laudanum, or smeared over with simple Opium Liniment.

294.