Heraldry.—A reliable handbook must be consulted, for accurate “blazoning” is essential. Early examples should be studied (see p. [387]). The diagram, fig. [199], is given as an example of how a charge was evenly arranged on the shield (see balanced background, p. [419]). Another example—showing a diapered chequer—is given on p. [336].

Shields in Illuminated borders may be coloured before the border, lest the brilliant mass of colour of the shield clash with the border. The shield, if large, may with advantage set the tone of the whole colour scheme.

MONOGRAMS & DEVICES

A Monogram consists of two or more letters combined in one form, as the diphthong

, and the amperzand[109]

for

: its legibility may be helped by compound colouring. A Cypher consists of linked or interlaced letters, as