[Fig. 214.]

In Incised letters unnecessary junctions of the parts may be avoided (see fig. [215]). Where they are necessary, as in a capital E, or in a small y, cut [p401] away from the junction or down on to it, rather than towards it.

[Fig. 215.]

The Mallet-headed and wooden-handled chisels are used with the Mell for large work and for cutting surfaces. [p402]

The Hammer-headed chisels are used with the hammer for ordinary work, and with the Dummy for small and delicate work.

[Fig. 216.]

A Mallet or Dummy is not used in carving chalk, but the chisel is pushed; the right hand doing the pushing, and the left hand guiding and steadying the chisel (see fig. [216]). If the chisel [p403] were struck, the surface of the chalk would flake off.