EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE HORSE
| 1. | Lips | 17. | Back | 35. | Pastern |
| 2. | Nose | 18. | Ribs | 36. | Coronet |
| 3. | Face | 19. | Girth | 37. | Foot |
| 4. | Forehead | 20. | Loins | 38. | Fetlock |
| 5. | Eyebrows | 21. | Croup | 39. | Haunch |
| 6. | Forelock | 22. | Tail | 40. | Thigh |
| 7. | Ears | 23. | Dock | 41. | Stifle |
| 8. | Lower jaw | 24. | Flank | 42. | Buttock |
| 9. | Cheek | 25. | Belly | 43. | Gaskin |
| 10. | Nostril | 26. | Sheath | 44. | Hock |
| 11. | Poll | 27. | Testicles | 45. | Chestnut |
| 11a. | Throat | 28. | Shoulder and arm | 46. | Shank |
| 12. | Parotid gland | 29. | Elbow | 47. | Fetlock joint |
| 13. | Neck | 30. | Forearm | 48. | Fetlock |
| 13a. | Mane | 31. | Chestnut | 49. | Pastern |
| 14. | Jugular channel | 32. | Knee | 50. | Coronet |
| 15. | Chest | 33. | Shank | 51. | Foot |
| 16. | Withers | 34. | Fetlock joint |
PLATE XIX.—FOOT OF THE HORSE
FOOT OF THE HORSE
| A | p. | Seat of lameness, navicular joint | ||
| a. | The coffin bone | r. | The coronary ring | |
| b. | The lower or smaller pastern bone | B | ||
| c. | The upper or larger pastern bone | a. | The coronary ring | |
| d. | The shank bone | b. | Horny lining of crust | |
| e. | The sesamoid bone | d. | The bars | |
| l. | The navicular, or shuttle bone | e. | Inside of horny frog | |
| m. | Inner frog, sensitive | f. | Cleft of the frog | |
| g. | The frog | |||
| h. | Outside wall or crust | |||
The feet of a horse do not wear out, as do his teeth, for instance. An old horse may have, barring accident, just as good feet as a young one. Nature has provided amply for the renewal of the frog and the sole and the crust of the horse's hoof. But in order that this renewal should not be interfered with, the foot should be kept clean, moist, and well shod. As the foot is kept on hard substances in and out of the stable, and not as nature intended in contact with the moist ground, this moisture should be supplied artificially by stopping the feet once or twice a week. If the foot is not cleaned each time the horse comes in, the tender frog and sole become diseased; if the frog and sole are not moistened, but kept dry, the frog and sole crack, chip, and fail to renew themselves properly; if shoes too big or too small, or shoes that do not fit the crust and bars are put on, or if nails are put in carelessly or pulled out roughly, the foot contracts, corns appear, and you have a lame, an unnecessarily lame, horse on your hands. The fore feet are nearly circular in a healthy horse, the hind feet more oval in form.
It is no economy not to shoe horses at least every three or four weeks, whether the shoes are worn out or not; for the simple reason that the shoes are nailed to a substance which is always growing, and after that interval of time the shoe no longer fits the foot. The shoe should be made and put on to fit the foot, and no blacksmith should be allowed to rasp the foot down to fit the shoe. The crust or wall of the foot is about three-quarters of an inch wide in most horses, and this is the proper width for the shoe, and the shoe to be flat toward the foot. If the shoe is wider, as is often the case,—go over your horse's feet and see,—it leaves a little shelf for stones and dirt, and a horse going in wet, heavy ground may even have his shoes pulled wholly off by suction. The shoes should be as wide as this crust to the heels, but where the crust narrows at the juncture with the bars, the shoe should narrow too.