[32] Given, “Making a Newspaper.”

[33] “What Is News?” by Will Irwin, Collier’s, March 18, 1911 (page 16).

[34] Italics mine.

[35] “Making a Newspaper” (page 168).

[36] “What is News?” Will Irwin, Collier’s, March 18, 1911 (page 16).

[37] “What is News?” by Will Irwin, Collier’s, March 18, 1911 (pages 17–18). Italics mine.

[38] “Making a Newspaper,” by Given (pages 59–62).

[39] Given, “Making a Newspaper” (page 57).

[40] “Public Opinion” (pages 339–340).

[41] “All the News That’s Fit to Print,” Collier’s, May 6, 1911 (page 18).