On January 4, 1901, box Delta (push back) was put in No. 1’s cage. He failed in 5, though he was active in trying to get in for about 4 minutes of the time and pulled and pushed the bar a great deal, though up and down and out instead of back. In his aimless pushings and pullings he nearly succeeded. He failed in 5 in a second trial also. I then opened the door of the cage, sat down beside it, held out my hand, and when he came to me took his right paw and with it (he being held in front of the box) pushed the bar back (and pulled the door open in those cases when it did not fall open of itself). He reached in and took the food and went back to the top of his cage and ate it. (No. 1 generally did this, while No. 3 generally stayed by me.) I then tried him alone; result 10 F; no activity at all. On January 5th I put the box in; result 10 F. He was fairly active. He pulled at the bar but mostly from a position on the top of the box and with his left hand; no attempts like the one I had tried to teach him. Being left alone he failed in 5. Being tried again with the door of the cage open and me sitting as I had done while putting him through the act, he succeeded in 7.00 by pushing the bar with his head in the course of efforts to poke his head in at the door. I then put him through the act 10 times and left him to himself. He failed in 5.00; no activity. I then sat down by the cage as when teaching him. He failed in 5; little activity. Later in the day I put him through the act 10 times and then left him to himself. He failed in 5; little activity. I sat down as before. He failed in five; little activity. On January 6th I put him through the act 10 times and then left him. He failed in 10. This was repeated later in the day with the same result. Record:—By himself, 10 F. Put through 80 times. F 65 (a) [the (a) refers to a note of his unrepeated chance success with his head]. No similar act unsuccessfully attempted. Influence of tuition, none.
With the chute mechanisms the record would be of the same nature. With them I put the animal through generally by taking his paw, held out through the wire netting of the cage, and making the movement with it. In one experiment (No. 3 with QQ chute) the first 58 trials were made by taking the monkey outside the cage and holding him instead of having him put his paw through the netting for me to take.
Many of the experiments were with mechanisms which had previously been used in experiments concerning the ability to learn from seeing me operate them. And the following Table (12) includes the results of experiments of both sorts. The results of experiments of the ‘on chair’ type are in Table 13. In cases where the same apparatus was used for both purposes, the sort of training which was given first is that where an A is placed.
In the first four experiments with No. 1 there was some struggling and agitation on his part while being held and put through the act. After that there was none in his case except occasional playfulness, and there was never any with No. 3 after the first third of the first experiment. The monkeys soon formed the habit of keeping still, because it was only when still that I put them through the act and that food resulted. After you once get them so that they can be held and their arms taken without their clinging to you, they quickly learn to adapt themselves to the experiments.
With No. 1, out of 8 cases where he had of himself failed (in five of the cases he had also failed after being shown by me), he succeeded after being put through (13, 21, 51, 10, 7, 80, and 10 times) in two cases (QQ (chute) and RR (wood plug). The act was unlike the one taught him in the former case.
Table 12
| Subject. Date. Act | Times tried alone, with result | Number of times attention attracted | Result | Number of times shown by me | Result in trials after being shown by me | Number of times put through the act | Result in trials after being put through the act | Comparison of act used with act taught | Similar act attempted though unsuccessfully | Act done once or more, but not repeated in spite of repeated tuition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 1, Jan. 7, 1900, PP (string across) | 10 F | 13 | 10 F | No. | ||||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 17, 1900, MM (bolt at top) | 15 F | 21 A | 150 F | 21 | 10 F | (?) | ||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Feb. 24, 1900, OOO (upper string) | 2.20 | 4} | 10 F | Partly similar. | ||||||
| 3 F | 4} 12 | .20 | No. | |||||||
| 4} | ||||||||||
| 4 | .22 | |||||||||
| No. 1, Mar. 24, 1900, QQ (chute) | 120 F | 10 A | 60 F | 10 | 30.00 | Dissimilar. | No. | |||
| No. 1, Apr. 5, 1900, RR (wood plug) | 10 F | 2 | 5 F | 1 A | 2 F | 7 | 2.20 | Similar. | Yes(?) | |
| 1 | 2 F | 2 | 2.00 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 F | |||||||||
| 1 | 5 F | |||||||||
| No. 1, Oct. 20, 1900, VV (loop) | 10 F | 4 | .22 | Similar. | ||||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Nov. 19, 1900, Theta (new bolt) | 10 F | 5 | 10 F | 51 A | 132 F | No. | ||||
| No. 1, Jan. 4, 1901, Delta (push back) | 10 F | 15 | 10 F | 80 A | 65 F[31] | No. | ||||
| No. 1, Jan. 6, 1901, QQ (a) (single wind chute) | 8.00 | 40 | 10 F | Dissimilar. | ||||||
| 2.00 | ||||||||||
| .50 | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 7, 1901, Zeta (side plug new) | 5 F | |||||||||
| 20 | im. | ? | ||||||||
| 1.10 | im. | |||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 9, 1901, QQ (b) (2½ wind chute) | 3.00 to .06 | 10 | 5 F | Dissimilar. | No. | Yes. | ||||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| 5 F | 3.00 | |||||||||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 11, 1901, QQ (c) (nail chute) | 5 F | 5 | 5 F | 1[32] | 2.20 | Dissimilar. | Yes.[33] | |||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 12, 1901, Epsilon (push down) | 5 F | 25 A | 10 F | 10 | 5 F | No. | ||||
| 10 F | 10 F | 10 | 10 F | |||||||
| 15 | 10 F | |||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 16, 1901, QQ (d) (pull chute) | 5 F | 5 | 3.30 | |||||||
| 5 F | .10 | |||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 17, 1901, QQ (f) (string chute) | 5 F | 5 | 5 F | 15 A | 5 F | 10 | 5 F | |||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| No. 1, Jan. 18, 1901, QQ (e) (hook chute) | 5 F | 3 | im. | |||||||
| No. 3, Dec. 17, 1900, QQ (chute) | 60 F | 3 | 60 F | 10 A | 5 F | 113 | 90 F | (?) | ||
| 30 | 30 F | |||||||||
| No. 3, Dec. 17, 1900, VV (loop) | 10 F | 23 | 20 F | No. | ||||||
| 20 F | ||||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 4, 1901, Delta (push back) | 10 F | 20 | 8.00[34] | 5 A | 2.00[35] | Dissimilar. | No. | |||
| 2.10 (by pulling string) | 8.00[34] | 5 | 3.20 | |||||||
| 15 | 30 F | |||||||||
| 5 | 10 F | |||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 4, 1901, Gamma (wind) | 10 F | 30 | 10 F | 20 A | 5 F | No. | ||||
| 10 F | 10 F | 8 F | ||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 8, 1901, Theta (bolt at top) | 10 F[36] | 25 | 6 F | Dissimilar. | ||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 9, 1901, QQ (a) (chute bar) | 10 F | 3.00[37] | 10 | No complete circle. | ||||||
| 10 | .40 | ? | ||||||||
| 10 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 10 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 9, 1901, QQ (b) (2½ wind chute) | 10 F | 20 | 8 F | 5 F | Dissimilar. | Yes. | ||||
| 8 F | ||||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 11, 1901, QQ (c) (nail chute) | 5 F | 10 | 5 F | 25 A | 5 F | 45 | 38 F | No. | Yes. | |
| 5 F | 12 F[38] | 5 F | ||||||||
| 1.30 | 10 | 10 F | ||||||||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| 10 F | ||||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 15, 1901, Epsilon (push down) | 10 F | 25 A | 5 F | 20 | 11.00 | No. | Yes. | |||
| 5 F | 30 F | ? | ||||||||
| 15 | 10 F | |||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 16, 1901, QQ (e) (hook chute) | 5 F | 5 | 5 F | 5 A | 2.00 | 10 | .10 | Dissimilar. | No. | |
| 1.25 | .10 | |||||||||
| 1.20 | ||||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 19, 1901, QQ (ff) (string chute with wire) | 5 F | 5 | 5 A | 5 F | 7 | 5 F | ||||
| 5 F | 8 | 5 F | ||||||||
| 2.00[39] | 12 | 3.00 | Dissimilar. | No. | ||||||
| 5 F | ||||||||||
| No. 3, Jan. 22, 1901, WW (bar inside) | 5 F previously some 40.00 F | 10 | 5 F | |||||||
| 6.00[40] | ||||||||||
| 7.00[40] | Dissimilar. | No. |
In only one case (bolt at top) out of eight was there possibly any attempt at the act after he had been put through which had not been made before. The ‘yes or?’ in the table with RR was a case occurring after the imitation of me but before the putting No. 1 through.