As such tests are widened to cover the whole task of the elementary school in respect to arithmetic, and accepted by competent authorities as adequate measures of achievement in computing, they will give, as has been said, a working definition of the task. The reader will observe, for example, that work such as the following, though still found in many textbooks and classrooms, does not, in general, appear in the modern tests and scales.

Reduce the following improper fractions to mixed numbers:—

19⁄13 43⁄21 176⁄25 198⁄14

Reduce to integral or mixed numbers:—

61381⁄37 2134⁄67 413⁄413 697⁄225

Simplify:—

3⁄4 of 8⁄9 of 3⁄5 of 15⁄22

Reduce to lowest terms:—

357⁄527 264⁄312 492⁄779 418⁄874 854⁄1769 30⁄735 44⁄242 77⁄847 18⁄243 96⁄224

Find differences:—