Table of Contents
| PAGE | ||
| List of Illustrations | [xiii] | |
| Foreword | [xix] | |
Chapter I: Terrestrial Globes inAntiquity | [1] | |
The beginnings of astronomical and ofgeographical science.—Primitive attempts at mapconstruction, as seen in the Babylonian plan of theworld.—Anaximander probably the first scientificcartographer.—Statements of Herodotus.—Theplace of Hecataeus, Hipparchus, Marinus, Ptolemy.—TheRomans as map makers.—The earliest beliefs in aglobular earth.—Thales, the Pythagoreans,Aristotle.—Eratosthenes and his measurements of theearth.—Crates probably the first to construct aterrestrial globe.—Statements ofStrabo.—Ptolemy’s statements concerning globes andglobe construction.—The allusions of Pliny. | ||
Chapter II: Celestial Globes inAntiquity | [14] | |
Thales’ ideas, probably not a globemaker.—Eudoxus.—The AtlanteFarnese.—Archimedes.—Allusion ofLactantius.—Pappus’ allusions.—Armillaryspheres.—The astronomerHipparchus.—Ptolemy.—Globes used for decorativepurposes by the Romans.—Roman coins.—TheByzantine Leontius Mechanicus. | ||
Chapter III: Globes Constructed by theArabs | [26] | |
Followers of Ptolemy.—Earlyarmillary spheres.—Interest of the Califs in globesand astronomical instruments.—The record of the‘Fihrist.’—Ibrahim.—Caissar.—Mohammed benHelal.—Mohammed el Ordhi.—The Parisglobes.—Ridhwan Efendi. | ||
Chapter IV: Terrestrial and CelestialGlobes in the Christian Middle Ages | [35] | |
General attitude of the period toward thetheories of the Greeks and the Romans.—Scripturestatements as sources of information.—Inclination ofcertain early writers to accept the doctrine of a sphericalearth.—The particular attitude of Pope SylvesterII.—The asserted[x] interest of EmperorFrederick II in scientific studies.—Alfonso the Wiseand the Alfonsian tables.—Interesting allusions inAlfonso’s work to globes and globeconstruction.—Giovanni Campano of Novara and thestatements in his ‘Tractatis de sphera solida.’—Theattitude of Albertus Magnus, Sacrobosco, Roger Bacon,Vincent of Beauvais, Dante. | ||
Chapter V: Globes Constructed in theEarly Years of the Great Geographical Discoveries | [46] | |
Increasing interest in geographicaldiscovery and maritime enterprise in the fourteenth and thefifteenth century.—Awakened interest in globeconstruction.—Martin Behaim and his globe of the year1492.—The Laon globe.—Christopher andBartholomew Columbus and their interest inglobes.—John Cabot and his globe.—Globes ofJohannes Stöffler.—Conrad Celtes and his part inarousing an interest in globes. | ||
Chapter VI: Globes of the EarlySixteenth Century | [59] | |
Summary of fifteenth century globecharacteristics.—Increasing interest inglobes—Globes of Pope Julius II.—Friar Marco daBenevento.—Importance of the Rosselli family ofFlorence.—The globe of Barnaba Canti.—FriarGiuliano Vannelli.—Interest of Trithemius inglobes.—The Bunau globe.—Waldseemüller’smap and globe.—Liechtensteinglobes.—Büchlin reference.—GlobusMundi.—Welt Kugel.—Lenoxglobe.—Jagellonicus globe.—Hauslab.—Greenglobe of Paris.—Nordenskiöldgores.—So-called Leonardo da Vincigores.—Boulengier gores.—Actonglobes.—Globes of Magellan and of delCano.—Globes of Schöner. | ||
Chapter VII: Globes of the SecondQuarter of the Sixteenth Century | [94] | |
Globes indicating (a) an Asiaticconnection of the New World, (b) globes expressing a doubtof such Old World connection, (c) globes showing anindependent position of the New World.—FranciscusMonachus.—Hakluyt’s reference.—The Giltglobe.—Parmentier.—Francesco Libri.—Nancyglobe.—Globes of Gemma Frisius.—Robertus deBailly.—Schöner globe of1533—-Schiepp.—Furtembach.—Paris Woodenglobe.—Vopel globes.—Santa Cruz.—Hartmanngores.—Important globe of Ulpius.—CardinalBembo’s globes.—Mercator’s epoch-makingactivity.—Fracastro.—Ramusio’s references toglobes.—Gianelli.—Florence celestial globe. | ||
Chapter VIII: Globes and Globe Makers ofthe Third Quarter of the Sixteenth Century | [146][xi] | |
Revival of interest in globe making inItaly.—François De Mongenet of France and thereprint of his globe maps in Italy.—Gore map ofAntonius Florianus.—Globe records left by AlessandroPiccolomini.—Ruscelli’s directions for globeconstruction.—Reference to the work of Sanuto andGonzaga.—Armillary sphere of Volpaja.—Excellentworkmanship in the celestial-terrestrial globe of ChristianHeyden.—Metal globes of JohannesPraetorius.—Vasari’s reference to the work of IgnazioDanti.—The iron globe of FranciscoBasso.—Armillary sphere of GiovanniBarrocci.—The work of Hieronymo deBoncompagni.—Emanuele Filiberto.—Anonymousglobe of 1575.—Laurentian armillaryspheres.—Small globes of the Biblioteca Nationale ofFlorence.—Mario Cartaro. | ||
Chapter IX: Globes and Globe Makers ofthe Last Quarter of the Sixteenth Century | [172] | |
Brief summary of sixteenth-century globemaking.—The close of the century introducing us tothe great Dutch globe makers.—The clock makerDasypodius.—Peter and Philip Apianus.—Thearmillary sphere of Carlus Platus.—Roll andReinhold.—Tycho Brahe and his influence.—Titondu Tillet.—The terrestrial globe ofRouen.—Globes of Emery Molyneux.—Globes ofBürgi.—Zürich globe.—Beakerglobes.—Ivory globe of Antonio Spano.—The VanLangren globes.—Santucci.—B. F. globe ofDresden. | ||
List of Illustrations
| FIG. | CHAPTER I | PAGE |
| 1. | Fragment Map of Egyptian Gold Mines.From Chabas | [2] |
| 2. | Tablet Representing BabylonianWorld-Plan. Original in British Museum, London | [3] |
| 3. | Ptolemy World Map. From Ebnerianusmanuscript in New York Public Library, ca. 1466 | [4] |
| 4. | Sections of Peutinger Tables.Original in Imperial Library, Vienna | [6] |
| 5. | Globe according to Crates. From pendrawing | [7] |
| 6. | Globe according to Strabo. From pendrawing | [9] |
| CHAPTER II | ||
| 7. | Atlante Farnese, ca. 200 B.C.From Passari’s AtlasFarnesianus | [14] |
| 8. | Atlante Farnese Constellation Figures.From Passari’s Atlas | [16] |
| 9. | Armillary Sphere according to Ptolemy.From original Vopel globe in National Museum,Washington | [20] |
| 10. | Bosco Reale Roman Fresco, ca. 50A.D.From original inMetropolitan Museum, New York | [22] |
| 11. | Greek and Roman Coins. From originalsin collection of American Numismatic Society, NewYork | [6] |
| 12. | Roman Gems. From King’s Antique Gemsand Rings | [6] |
| CHAPTER III | ||
| 13. | Northern Hemisphere of Globe by Mohammedben Helal, 1275. From Dorn’s reproduction of original inLondon Asiatic Society’s collection | [28] |
| 14.[xiv] | Globe of Mohammed ben Muwajed el Ordhi,1279. From original in Math. Phys. Salon,Dresden | [30] |
| 15. | Globe of Diemat Eddin Mohammed, 1573.From original in National Library, Paris | [32] |
| 15a. | Anonymous Arabic Globe, 1635. Fromoriginal in Library Professor David E. Smith, NewYork | [34] |
| CHAPTER IV | ||
| 16. | The Universe according to CosmasIndicopleustes, Sixth Century. From reproduction byMontfauçon | [36] |
| 17. | Cosmas’ Illustration Confuting theExistence of Antipodal Peoples. From reproduction byMontfauçon | [37] |
| 18. | Hereford World Map, ca. 1283 | [38] |
| 19. | The Earth Pictured as a Sphere byNicolas d’Oresme, 1377. From reproduction in Santarem’sAtlas | [38] |
| 20. | The Constellation Taurus. From Rico ySinobas’ reproduction of Alfonsian Tables | [42] |
| CHAPTER V | ||
| 21. | Globe of Martin Behaim, 1492. Fromreproduction of original in Library of the AmericanGeographical Society, New York | [46] |
| 22. | Portrait of Martin Behaim. FromGhillany | [48] |
| 23. | Globe of Martin Behaim in Hemispheres.From Ghillany | [50] |
| 24. | Lorenzo Lotto Portrait of Columbus.From original belonging to James W. Ellsworth, NewYork | [52] |
| 25. | Portrait of Sebastian Cabot, Son of JohnCabot. From engraving by Rawle | [54] |
| CHAPTER VI | ||
| 26. | Title-page of Johann Schöner’sTerrae Descriptio, 1518. From original | [60] |
| 27. | Second Title-page of Mauro Fiorentino’sSphera Volgare, 1537. From original | [61] |
| 28. | Holbein’s Ambassadors. From originalin National Art Gallery, London | [62] |
| 29. | Library of Escorial. From an oldprint | [64] |
| 30. | Castle of Prince Waldburg de Wolfegg.From original photograph | [64] |
| 31.[xv] | World Map of Martin Waldseemüller,1507. From Fischer and von Wieser’s reproduction | [68] |
| 32. | Globe Gores Attributed to MartinWaldseemüller, 1509. From original belonging toPrince Liechtenstein | [70] |
| 33. | Globus Mundi, 1509. Fromoriginal | [73] |
| 34. | Lenox Globe, 1510. From original inNew York Public Library | [73] |
| 35. | Lenox Globe in Hemispheres. From pendrawing | [72] |
| 36. | Jagellonicus Globe, 1510. Fromoriginal in Cracow | [74] |
| 37. | Jagellonicus Globe in Hemispheres.From reproduction by Estreicher | [74] |
| 38. | Green Globe, 1515. From original inNational Library, Paris | [76] |
| 39. | Liechtenstein Globe Gores, ca. 1518.From original belonging to Prince Liechtenstein | [78] |
| 40. | Terrestrial Globe Gores of Boulengier,ca. 1518. From original in New York PublicLibrary | [80] |
| 41. | Portrait of Magellan. From an oldprint | [82] |
| 42. | Portrait of Johann Schöner. Froman old engraving | [84] |
| 43. | Globe of Johann Schöner inHemispheres, 1515. From original and Jomard’sAtlas—pen drawing | [84] |
| 44. | Western Hemisphere of JohannSchöner’s Globe, 1520. From Ghillany | [86] |
| 44a. | Anonymous Globe Gores, ca. 1540. Fromoriginal in New York Public Library | [88] |
| 45. | Stabius World Globe Map, 1515. Fromoriginal in Imperial Library, Vienna | [88] |
| 46. | Northern Celestial Hemisphere ofAlbrecht Dürer. From original in Imperial Library,Vienna | [28] |
| CHAPTER VII | ||
| 47. | Bartholomew Columbus Sketch Map, 1506.From reproduction by von Wieser | [95] |
| 48. | Hemispheres of Franciscus Monachus,1526. From his De orbis situ | [96] |
| 49. | Gilt Globe, ca. 1528. From Harrissedrawing after the original in National Library,Paris | [98] |
| 50. | Nancy Globe, ca. 1530. From originalin Nancy Museum | [100] |
| 50a. | Globe of Jacob Stamfer, 1539. Fromoriginal in Zürich | [102] |
| 50b. | Nancy Globe in Hemispheres. From Blau’s reproduction | [102] |
| 51. | Portrait of Gemma Frisius. From anold print | [104] |
| 52. | Terrestrial Globe of Robertus deBailly—Nine of twelve gores exhibiting the map, 1530.Redrawn for Rosenthal’s Catalogue, No. 100 | [108] |
| 53. [xvi] | Terrestrial Globe of Robertus de Bailly,1530. From original in Library of J. P. Morgan, NewYork | [108] |
| 54. | Schöner’s Terrestrial Globe, 1533(Probable). From his Opera Mathematica | [110] |
| 54a. | Schöner’s Celestial Globe, 1533(Probable). From his Opera Mathematica | [112] |
| 55. | Paris Wooden Globe, 1535. Fromoriginal in National Library, Paris | [114] |
| 56. | Vopel Globe, 1543. From original inthe Library of Congress, Washington | [116] |
| 56a. | Western Hemisphere of Vopel TerrestrialGlobe. From de Costa’s drawing | [98] |
| 57. | Terrestrial Globe of Euphrosynus Ulpius,1541. From original in Library New York HistoricalSociety | [118] |
| 58. | Western Hemisphere of Ulpius Globe,1541. From the drawing by de Costa | [119] |
| 59. | Gore Map of Alonso de Santa Cruz, 1542.From Dahlgren’s reproduction | [122] |
| 60. | Portraits of Gerhard Mercator andJodocus Hondius. From an old print | [124] |
| 61. | Six of Twelve Terrestrial Globe Gores byGerhard Mercator, 1541. From reproduction by vanRaemdonck | [128] |
| 62. | Terrestrial Globe of Gerhard Mercator,1541. From original in Astronomical Museum, Rome | [134] |
| CHAPTER VIII | ||
| 63. | Terrestrial Globe Gores ofFrançois de Mongenet, 1552. From original in NewYork Public Library | [148] |
| 64. | Celestial Globe Gores of Françoisde Mongenet, 1552. From original in New York PublicLibrary | [150] |
| 65. | Globes of François de Mongenet,1560, and of Gian Francesco Costa, 1784 | [150] |
| 66. | Globe Gores of Antonius Florianus, 1555.From Lafreri’s Atlas | [152] |
| 67. | Globe of Christian Heyden, 1560. Fromoriginal in Math. Phys. Salon, Dresden | [156] |
| 68. | Globe of Johannes Praetorius, 1566.From original in Math. Phys. Salon, Dresden | [158] |
| 69. | Terrestrial Globe of Mario Cartaro,1577. From original in possession of Mr. Reed, NewYork | [168] |
| CHAPTER IX | ||
| 70. | Strassburg Clock and Globe of ConradDasypodius, 1574. From Schwilgué | [174] |
| 71. | Portrait of Peter Apianus. From anold print | [176] |
| 72. | Globes of Philip Apianus, 1576. Fromoriginals in K. B. Hof- u. Staatsbibliothek, Munich | [178] |
| 73. | Silver-Gilt Globe of Gerhard Emmoser,1573. From original in Metropolitan Museum, NewYork | [180] |
| 74. | Globe of George Roll and JohannesReinhold, 1586. From original in Math. Phys. Salon,Dresden | [182] |
| 75. | Portrait of Tycho Brahe. From anengraving by Kornenip | [184] |
| 76. | Interior of Tycho Brahe’s Observatory atUranienburg. From Blaeu’s Atlas | [186] |
| 77. | Globus Magnus of Tycho Brahe, 1584.From his Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica | [188] |
| 78. | L’Écuy Terrestrial Globe, ca.1578. From original in National Library, Paris | [190] |
| 79. | Terrestrial Globe of Emery Molyneux,1592. From original in Middle Temple, London | [192] |
| 80. | Anonymous Terrestrial Globe, ca. 1595.From original in Landesmuseum, Zürich | [198] |
| 81. | Globe-Goblet of Abraham Gessner, ca.1600. From original in Wolfegg Castle, Wolfegg | [200] |
| 82. | Gold Globe-Goblet, ca. 1575. Fromoriginal in Metropolitan Museum, New York | [200] |
| 83. | Ivory Terrestrial Globe of AntonioSpano, 1593. From original in Library of J. P. Morgan,New York | [202] |
| 84. | South Polar Region on Globe of AntonioSpano. From original in Library of J. P. Morgan, NewYork | [204] |
| 84a. | South Polar Region on Globe of JodocusHondius, 1600. From original in Library of Henry E.Huntington, New York | [204] |
| 85. | Terrestrial Globe of Van Langren, 1612.From original in Royal Geographical Society,Amsterdam | [208] |
| 86. | Armillary Sphere of Antonio Santucci(?), ca. 1580. From original in Library of Henry E.Huntington, New York | [214] |
| 87. | Celestial Globe of B. F., 1600. Fromoriginal in Math. Phys. Salon, Dresden | [216] |