ILLUSTRATIONS.

COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
Page.
[Frontispiece]—The Head of a Horse with the teeth exposed
Nine months old, and 2 years old[70]
Three years old, and 3 years off[80]
Rising 4 years, and 4 years old[82]
Rising 5 years, and 5 years old[94]
Five years off, and 6 years off[96]
Seven years off, and 8 years off[104]
Twelve years old, and 20 years old[112]
Sixteen years old, and 30 years old[120]
————
WOOD CUTS.
Section of an incisor tooth[21]
Arrangement of the substances composing a molar tooth[26]
View of a molar tooth[29]
A permanent and temporary incisor tooth[48]
Molar tooth about to be shed[62]
Molar tooth recently cut[62]
Table of the 3 year old incisor tooth[79]
Table of the 3 year off incisor tooth[79]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 4 years off[85]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth rising 5 years[92]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth at 5 years old[95]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth at 6 years old[99]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth at 7 years off[103]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 8 years off[106]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 9 years old[109]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 10 years old[110]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 12 years old[112]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 14 years old[112]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 16 years old[115]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth at 28 years old[119]
Tables and arrangement of the incisor teeth at 29 years old[120]
Tables of the incisor teeth at 30 years old[121]
Irregularity in the growth of the corner incisor tooth[140]
A parrot mouth[147]
Changes caused by a diseased tooth[175]
Mr. Gowing’s tooth forceps[183]
The lever to ditto[184]
The forceps, fixed[185]
Mr. Gowing’s framed chisel[188]
Mr. Gowing’s guarded chisel[190]
Mr. Gowing’s repeller for the guarded chisel[191]
Mr. Gowing’s lateral repeller for the guarded chisel[193]

CONTENTS.

Par.Page.
1. That the teeth of the horse denote the age of the animal &c.[1]
2. In every case the evidence of the teeth is secondary to direct and substantiated testimony; &c.[3]
3. Some of the causes which induce certain persons to doubt &c.[4]
4. The teeth more frequently contradict an arbitrary calculation than disagree with fact.[7]
5. For the security of the purchaser of a horse, not connected with the turf, the teeth are a sufficient guard, &c.[10]
6. The description of the teeth &c.[14]
7. The teeth are situated &c.[15]
8. The teeth are organised, &c.[16]
9. The horse possesses forty teeth, &c.[16]
10. Three substances enter into the composition of the horse’s tooth.[18]
11. The crusta petrosa &c.[18]
12. The enamel &c.[20]
13. The ivory &c.[20]
14. The uses of the ivory, enamel, and crusta petrosa &c.[22]
15. The separate uses of the three component structures, &c.[24]
16. The various parts and peculiarities of form, &c.[32]
17. There are infundibula also in the molar teeth, &c. 35
18. To distinguish an upper from a lower molar tooth &c.[36]
19. The teeth of the horse are very firmly implanted in the jaws, &c.[37]
20. The molars of the lower jaw are the active agents of mastication, &c.[37]
21. Provision has been made by Nature to meet the wear to which the horse’s teeth are subjected.[38]
22. The cavity of the pulp &c.[42]
23. Nature provides the horse with two sets of teeth.[43]
24. To know the temporary from the permanent teeth, &c.[46]
25. To recognise a milk incisor tooth &c.[46]
26. The permanent incisors are indicated by their greater size, &c.[49]
27. The temporary cannot be well distinguished from the permanent molars, while the horse is alive.[51]
28. The various points which denote youth &c.[52]
29. The indications of age &c.[53]
30. The incisor teeth in old age, &c.[54]
31. Some judges depend upon the tushes as indicative of the age, &c.[57]
32. The wolf’s teeth or eye teeth aid us in judging of the age; &c.[59]
33. The mode in which the horse cuts his teeth &c.[60]
34. The manner of examining the teeth &c.[65]
35. At birth &c.[69]
36. At six weeks, &c.[69]
37. At six months, &c.[69]
38. At nine months old, the corner milk teeth are up, but their edges do not yet meet.[70]
39. At one year, &c.[70]
40. At eighteen months, &c.[71]
41. At two years old, there is a full mouth of milk incisors, all of which show considerable wear.[71]
42. At three years old, the centre horse teeth are well up, and are distinguished by their size, shape, and colour.[72]
43. At three years off, the lateral milk teeth are shed, and the permanent teeth are coming up.[80]
44. When rising four years old the lateral horse teeth are in the mouth, but their edges do not fairly meet.[81]
45. At four years, four pair of horse teeth are well up, but the corner milk teeth are retained.[82]
46. When rising five years old all the horse teeth are in the mouth, but the corner teeth have yet to meet.[90]
47. At five years old there is a full mouth of horse incisors, all the edges of which fairly meet.[94]
48. At five years off the corner teeth only show slight wear, and the posterior margins are round.[95]
49. At six years of age the corner teeth look more firmly set, and their edges begin to be uneven; &c.[97]
50. At seven years off, the corner teeth, without showing age, exhibit further evidence of wear.[99]
51. At eight years off, the gum of the lower corner tooth has become square, and the lower tush blunt.[104]
52. After the eighth year, &c.[106]
53. At twelve years old, there may be tartar on the lower tush. The teeth are longer, narrower, and the enamel darker.[110]
54. At sixteen years old, when the teeth are viewed from the side, only two incisors can be seen in the lower jaw, &c.[112]
55. At twenty years old, the form of the mouth has changed, and the lower teeth are imperfectly seen from the front.[115]
56. At thirty years old, the jaws are contracted; the lower are not seen when the upper teeth are in view.[117]
57. The tricks that are practised on the teeth, &c.[123]
58. The irregularities of growth in the horse’s teeth &c.[138]
59. The diseases to which the teeth of the horse are subjected, &c.[149]
60. The agents which are likely to injure the teeth, &c.[177]
61. The instruments used in connexion with the teeth of the horse &c.[181]