[13] Statistisches Handbuch für das deutsche Reich, Volume 2, pp. 506, 510; Diplomatic and Consular Reports, No. 2950 (1902), pp. 5, 23; Turkey in Europe, No. 16 of the Foreign Office Handbooks, pp. 86–87.
[14] J. Riesser, Die deutschen Grossbanken und ihre Konzentration im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung der Gesamtwirtschaft in Deutschland (third edition, Jena, 1909); translated into English and published as Senate Document No. 593, Sixty-first Congress, Second Session, 1911. References here given are to the translation. In this connection cf. “The Oversea and Foreign Business of the German Credit Banks,” pp. 420 et seq.
[15] Syria and Palestine, p. 126; The Times, October 28, 1898, August 2 and 16, 1899.
[16] Karl Helfferich, Die deutsche Türkenpolitik (Berlin, 1921), pp. 10 et seq.; J. A. R. Marriot, The Eastern Question (Oxford, 1917), pp. 347 et seq.
[17] L. Ostrorog, The Turkish Problem (London, 1919), pp. 52–53; E. Dutemple, En Turquie d’Asie (Paris, 1883), pp. 131 et seq.
[18] For a biographical account of General von der Goltz (1843–1916) cf. F. W. Wile, Men Around the Kaiser (Philadelphia, 1913), Chapter XXVI. Bismarck consented to the appointment of von der Goltz’s military mission—which was not in accord with his general Eastern policy—as a sort of insurance against the possibility that chauvinism, Pan-Slavism, and anti-German elements in Russia should gain the ascendancy at the court of the Tsar. In such an event it might be possible to utilize Turkish bayonets and Turkish artillery, especially if they had been trained by Prussian officers. Memoirs of Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (English translation, New York, 1906), Volume II, p. 268.
[19] Recueil d’actes internationaux de l’Empire Ottoman, Volume IV (1903), Document No. 960.
[20] Mary E. Townsend, Origins of Modern German Colonialism (New York, 1921), Chapters V-VII; Prince Bismarck, Reflections and Reminiscences (New York, 1899), Volume II, pp. 233 et seq.
[21] For this letter, hitherto unpublished, I am indebted to Dr. Karl Helfferich, son-in-law of the late George von Siemens.
[22] The italics are mine.