[38] Valentine Chirol, The Middle Eastern Question, or Some Political Problems of Indian Defence (New York, 1903), pp. 179–182.
[39] This is the distance by the Tigris and the Shatt-el-Arab; as the crow flies, the distance is about 150 miles shorter.
[40] Regarding the Lynch Brothers see David Fraser, The Short Cut to India (London, 1909), pp. 42 et seq.; Mesopotamia, p. 30; The Near East, August 11, 1916, p. 358; infra, pp. 190–191.
[41] Article 1, which describes in detail the route of the Bagdad Railway and its branches.
[42] Chirol, op. cit., p. 179; Supplement to Daily Consular and Trade Reports, Annual Series (Washington, 1915).
[43] The distances on the Bagdad Railway may be estimated as follows:
| Haidar Pasha to Ismid | 91 | kilometres |
| Ismid to Eski Shehr | 174 | ” |
| Eski Shehr to Konia | 444 | ” |
| Konia to Basra | 2,264 | ” |
| Branch lines, about | 800 | ” |
| -—- | ||
| Total | 3,773 | kilometres |
or approximately 2,400 miles. This does not include the section of the Anatolian Railway from Eski Shehr to Angora, a distance of 311 kilometres, or 194 miles additional. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railway from Chicago to Los Angeles is 2,246 miles in length. The distance from Chicago to San Francisco via the Chicago and Northwestern-Union Pacific system is 2,261 miles. Official Guide of the Railways of the United States October, 1921, pp. 679, 825.
[44] Cf., e.g., T. W. Overlach, Foreign Financial Control in China (New York, 1919), passim; La Gaceta Oficial of the Republic of Cuba for the years 1911 and 1912, regarding the Ferrocarril de la Costa Norte de Cuba; the Statesman’s Year Book, 1903, p. 1044.
[45] The average population per square mile in eastern Anatolia was 27, in northern Syria 31, in Mesopotamia 13.