Turkey, the Great Powers, and the Bagdad Railway: A study in imperialism

by Edward Mead Earle

[9] Von Gwinner, loc. cit., p. 1088.

[10] Corps de droit ottoman, Volume III, pp. 221–228.

[11] Turkey in Europe, pp. 128–129; The Quarterly Review, Volume 228 (1917), pp. 510–511; Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, fourth series, Volume 159 (1906), pp. 1338, 1359; ibid., Volume 162 (1906), p. 1419; Volume 178 (1907), p. 321; ibid., fifth series, Volume 53 (1913), p. 368.

[12] Société Impériale Ottomane du Chemin de fer de Bagdad—Convention Additionelle (Constantinople, 1908); Parliamentary Papers, No. Cd. 5636, Volume CIII (1911); Report of the Bagdad Railway Company, 1908, pp. 4–5; 1909, p. 4; Bagdad Railway Loan Contract, Second and Third Series, June 2, 1908; Report of the Deutsche Bank, 1909, p. 12.

[13] Report of the Deutsche Bank, 1909, p. 12.

[14] Report of the Bagdad Railway Company, 1906, p. 4; K. Helfferich, Die Vorgeschichte des Weltkrieges, pp. 131–132; Dr. Helfferich’s reputation was based largely upon his writings on two important subjects: the gold monetary standard; government promotion of foreign trade. Cf. Germany and the Gold Standard (London, 1896); Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Geldreform (Leipzig, 1901). See the enthusiastic appreciation of Dr. Helfferich’s services voiced by his associates of the Deutsche Bank upon the occasion of his appointment as Secretary of State for the Imperial Treasury, January, 1915. Report of the Deutsche Bank, 1915, pp. 11–12; Report of the Bagdad Railway Company, 1914, p. 8.

[15] The Times, October 25, 1905, commenting upon the proposed appointment of Helfferich.

[16] Report of the Anatolian Railway Company, 1907, p. 7; H. C. Woods, “The Bagdad Railway and Its Tributaries,” in The Geographical Journal, Volume 50 (1917), pp. 32 et seq.; Parliamentary Papers, No. Cmd. 964 (1920). The irrigation system thus planned was completed before the outbreak of the Great War. It justified the sanguine expectations of its promoters, for the agricultural yield of the irrigated lands increased from five to fifteen fold over the former production. In 1911 a similar irrigation project was gotten under way in Cilicia. Diplomatic and Consular Reports, No. 4835 (1911), pp. 18–19.

[17] Cf. supra, p. 37.