[ Footnote 83: ] By “originally” I mean, of course, some time antedating the earliest period of the Indo-European languages that we can get at by comparative evidence.
[ Footnote 84: ] Perhaps it was a noun-classifying element of some sort.
[ Footnote 85: ] Compare its close historical parallel off.
[ Footnote 86: ] “Ablative” at last analysis.
[ Footnote 87: ] Very likely pitch should be understood along with stress.
[ Footnote 88: ] As in Bantu or Chinook.
[ Footnote 89: ] Perhaps better “general.” The Chinook “neuter” may refer to persons as well as things and may also be used as a plural. “Masculine” and “feminine,” as in German and French, include a great number of inanimate nouns.
[ Footnote 90: ] Spoken in the greater part of the southern half of Africa. Chinook is spoken in a number of dialects in the lower Columbia River valley. It is impressive to observe how the human mind has arrived at the same form of expression in two such historically unconnected regions.
[ Footnote 91: ] In Yana the noun and the verb are well distinct, though there are certain features that they hold in common which tend to draw them nearer to each other than we feel to be possible. But there are, strictly speaking, no other parts of speech. The adjective is a verb. So are the numeral, the interrogative pronoun (e.g., “to be what?”), and certain “conjunctions” and adverbs (e.g., “to be and” and “to be not”; one says “and-past-I go,” i.e., “and I went”). Adverbs and prepositions are either nouns or merely derivative affixes in the verb.
[ Footnote 92: ] If possible, a triune formula.