[172] Thus the poet Faizí says: "Before thou and I were thought of, our free will was taken from our hands; be without cares, for the Maker of both worlds settled our affairs long before we were made."
[173] The punishment of death is sometimes decreed for lesser offences. In the latter part of the year 1879, one of the Turkish 'Ulamá, named Ahmad, was condemned to death for having assisted Dr. Koelle, an English clergyman residing in Constantinople, in the translation of the Book of Common Prayer, and a tract on 'Christ the Word of God.' Owing to the urgent representations of the British Ambassador the Khojah's life was spared, but he was banished to the island of Chio. The Porte promised to maintain his family whilst he was absent. It need scarcely be said that nothing of the kind has been done.
[174] Journal Asiatique 4me Série, tome 17, p. 582
[175] This is the Sháfa'íte form which the Hanifites consider wrong.
[176] Kingsley's Alexandria and her Schools, p. 160.
[177] Les Prairies D'or, tome sixième, p. 368.
[178] Mélanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe, par S. Munk, p. 315.
[179] For a statement of the Ash'arían doctrines see pp. 130-131.
[180] Strictly speaking, one should not speak of Arab but of Muslim philosophy, for curiously enough only one famous Philosopher, Al-Kendi, was an Arab.
[181] Mélanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe, par S. Munk, p. 429.