| Name, Nature, and Classification. | Powder Charge. | Initial Velocity. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | |
| Lbs. | Lbs. | Ft. | Ft. | Ft. | |
| Krupp Pattern Steel Breech-loaders. | |||||
| 28 cm | 1,542 | 1,673 | |||
| 26 ” | 59.4 | 19.8 | 1,404 | 1,378 | |
| 24 ” | 44 | 15.4 | 1,420 | 1,378 | |
| 24 ” | 44 | 15.4 | 1,378 | 1,345 | 1,329 |
| 21 ” | 30.8 | 8.8 | 1,394 | 1,253 | 1,345 |
| Wahrendorff Breech-loader. | |||||
| 15 ” | 14.3 | 4.7 | 1,608 | 1,509 | |
| Armstrong Muzzle-loaders. | |||||
| 23 ” | 30.8 | 15.4 | 1,411 | 1,000 | |
| 18 ” | 13.2 | 8.8 | 1,493 | 1,066 | |
| Cast-iron Breech-loaders. | |||||
| 15 ” | 4.7 | 4.7 | 1,017 | ||
| 12 ” | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1,000 | ||
| Bronze Breech-loaders. | |||||
| 9 ” | .9 | .9 | 1,469 | ||
| 7 ” | .35 | .35 | 977 | ||
- C = Steel.
- D = Chilled.
- E = Common.
- F = Penetrating Power.
| Name, Nature, and Classification. | Working Effect. | F | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | D | E | ||
| Foot Tons. | Foot Tons. | Foot Tons. | In. | |
| Krupp Pattern Steel Breech-loaders. | ||||
| 28 cm | 9,473 | 14.8 | ||
| 26 ” | 5,404 | 4,666 | 11.6 | |
| 24 ” | 4,087 | 3,464 | 10.6 | |
| 24 ” | 3,838 | 3,223 | 3,867 | 10.25 |
| 21 ” | 2,781 | 2,198 | 2,153 | 9.3 |
| Wahrendorff Breech-loader. | ||||
| 15 ” | 1,379 | 1,060 | 7.8 | |
| Armstrong Muzzle-loaders. | ||||
| 23 ” | 3,429 | 1,788 | 9.9 | |
| 18 ” | 1,766 | 928 | 8.1 | |
| Cast-iron Breech-loaders. | ||||
| 15 ” | 438 | |||
| 12 ” | 222 | |||
| Bronze Breech-loaders. | ||||
| 9 ” | 209 | |||
| 7 ” | 42 | |||
The first type of rifled ordnance regularly introduced into the Austrian naval service was the old-type Armstrong muzzle-loader. In addition there are still found a few guns of present obsolete types which never passed the experimental stage. Within the past five years (1876) the Krupp breech-loader has been adopted as the standard pattern, and all guns of a higher calibre than 15-cm. are now of this type, although many complete Armstrong batteries are now found on board ship in the wooden fleet. The boat-guns are of the Krupp type breech-loaders, but are all manufactured of bronze, or what is generally known as Uchatius metal from its method of manufacture.
The Uchatius Construction.
The peculiarity of the Uchatius construction is the method of manipulating the bronze of which the gun is made, by which the metal is given all the advantageous qualities of steel. The body of the gun is cast in a chill mould, by which the cooling is so rapid that the mechanical mixture of tin and copper has no opportunity of separating and forming tin spots as is the case with ordinary bronze castings. After boring the gun, a succession of steel mandrels is driven through the bore, putting the whole casing in a condition of extreme tension on the exterior and compression on the interior, so that the different strata of metal are in proper condition for resisting tangential strains.
Argentine Ordnance.
In the Argentine navy the heavy calibres (used on gun-boats of the Andes class) are Armstrong muzzle-loaders of the modified pattern ([see page 195]), the medium calibres are divided between old-type Armstrong muzzle-loaders and Krupp breech-loaders. The machine-guns used are Gatlings ([see page 308]). There is no regular gun factory in the country, the armament being entirely purchased abroad.
Brazilian Ordnance.
The standard ordnance adopted in the Brazilian navy is the Whitworth ([see page 218]), both muzzle and breech-loaders. Machine-guns are of the Gatling type ([see page 308]).