Navies of the world - Edward W. Very

Name, Nature, and Classification.		A	B	Projectiles.
				Weight Complete.			Bursting Charge.
				C	D	E	D	E
		Lbs.	In.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.
Armstrong pattern Muzzle-loaders.
43 cm.				2,000			37
28 ”	New Model	17,820	52	528	528	200	5.7	26
28 ”	Old ”	17,820	52	528	530	200	5.7	26
25 ”	No. 1 Long	15,750	44	294	300	188	5	24
25 ”	” Short	15,590	46	294	300	188	5	24
25 ”	No. 2	12,620	42	288	284	135	3.3	18
22 ”		12,620	42	248	252	99	2.2	19
20 ”		7,480	34	156	150	79	1.3	9.7
Cast-iron Muzzle-loaders.
16 ”	Wrought-iron Tube	4,540		65	33		2.3
16 ”		1,287			66	33		3.3
Armstrong Breech-loader.
12 ”					35			2.6
Bronze Breech-loader.
7.5 ”		477.4			8	9		.5
Bronze Muzzle-loaders.
8 ”		587.4			9	9.25		.7
8 ”		176			9	4.4		.7
Cast-iron Muzzle-loader.
12 ”		550			26	22.6		3.1

D = Chilled.
E = Common.
F = Ordinary.
G = Saluting.

Name, Nature, and Classification.		Powder Charge.
Name, Nature, and Classification.		D	E	D	E
		Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.
Armstrong pattern Muzzle-loaders.
43 cm.		471
28 ”	New Model	95	95	66
28 ”	Old ”	95	95	66
25 ”	No. 1 Long	77	77	53
25 ”	” Short	77	77	53
25 ”	No. 2	64	64	42
22 ”		60	60	37
20 ”		44	44	24
Cast-iron Muzzle-loaders.
16 ”	Wrought-iron Tube	20	20	7	8
16 ”			7.7		8
Armstrong Breech-loader.
12 ”			5.5		2.2
Bronze Breech-loader.
7.5 ”			1.5		1.4
Bronze Muzzle-loaders.
8 ”			1.2		1.2
8 ”			.7		1
Cast-iron Muzzle-loader.
12 ”			3.3		2.2

A = Chilled.
B = Common.
C = Penetration.

Name, Nature, and Classification.		Initial Velocity.		Working Effect.		C
Name, Nature, and Classification.		A	B	A	B	C
		Ft.	Ft.	Ft.Tons.	Ft.Tons.	In.
Armstrong pattern Muzzle-loaders.
43 cm.		1,584		34,550		22.8
28 ”	New Model	1,312	1,312	6,300	6,300	12.1
28 ”	Old ”	1,312	1,312	6,262	6,330	12.1
25 ”	No. 1 Long	1,410	1,399	5,369	5,390	11.7
25 ”	” Short	1,410	1,399	5,369	5,390	11.7
25 ”	No. 2	1,410	1,420	3,952	3,970	10
22 ”		1,476	1,476	3,731	3,790	10.3
20 ”		1,476	1,509	2,345	2,345	8.7
Cast-iron Muzzle-loaders.
16 ”	Wrought-iron Tube		1,525		1,066
16 ”			1,026		483
Armstrong Breech-loader.
12 ”			1,368		457
Bronze Breech-loader.
7.5 ”			1,312		97.5
Bronze Muzzle-loaders.
8 ”			1,040		63.4
8 ”			764		33.8
Cast-iron Muzzle-loader.
12 ”			1,095		12

The standard Italian naval ordnance is the Armstrong muzzle-loader. There are some batteries of breech-loaders of the French type, and now that the Armstrong 100-ton gun has become a part of the standard ordnance, the government have ordered them made breech-loading with the Armstrong breech mechanism. The guns are to be provided with arrangements for both breech and muzzle loading. With the breech-loading, as the block is turned to unlock it, a grip on the end of a hydraulic piston in rear takes in a slot in the block, and when the latter is unlocked, a movement of the piston to the rear withdraws it from the gun to a small car having a transverse motion by which the block is carried sideways so as to unmask the bore. An iron cylinder is then inserted and pushed up to the rear of the powder-chamber as a loading-plate, guarding the screw-threads from injury. The charge, being raised by a hydraulic press in the usual manner, is forced home by a hydraulic rammer, and the breech-block is closed by its car and piston. The Gatling gun is used, and there has been an attempt to introduce the Albertini machine-gun, which is used in the army. Although of native manufacture, it has not as yet been received with much favor, being still too complicated in its mechanism, although the instrument is not as yet perfected.

Greek Ordnance.

The armament of the Greek Navy is exclusively of Armstrong muzzle-loaders.

Dutch Ordnance.