On leaving the apprenticeship at the end of the three years, the boys pass to the Minerva, Saida, and Adria, receiving certificates and advancement in grade in proportion to their aptitude. In case of failure to pass through the apprentice course they are transferred to depot to go through the recruit’s course and serve out their time.
The Naval Academy is established at Fiume. The curriculum of the school is of the same grade as that of the municipal superior schools. Candidates are appointed by competitive examination, and must be between the ages of 13 and 15. The course is four years, at the expiration of which the student passes into service with the grade of cadet.
Aspirants are students passing into the service without having gone through the academy course. They must be between the ages of 15 and 17 and have successfully passed through the course of one of the municipal superior schools. Upon entering they take the regular course on board the school-ships, taking the grade of cadet at the final successful examination.
One-Year Volunteers.
This institution is a favor accorded to young men who, having prepared themselves by a course of study for a certain profession, do not wish to serve full time under their draft. During one year they receive naval instruction sufficient to fit them as sailors or petty officers in time of war. Particular attention is paid to as far as possible follow a course in consonance with their previous studies. At the end of the course they pass into the reserve. Professional mariners may enjoy this privilege upon presenting certificates stating that they have successfully passed examinations before any native or foreign marine school. They must in addition thoroughly understand German and one other of the languages spoken generally throughout the empire. During their year of service they receive the pay of third-class seamen and their clothing. After passing the different school-ships they enter the reserve as officers if there are vacancies, otherwise as cadets. Students who are preparing themselves for engineers follow the courses of machinists or constructors in the same way. Students whose professions are in no way in accordance with that of the naval officer are sent to the Adria for a thorough course of gunnery. They enter the reserve at the end of a year as petty officers or seaman gunners, according to the rate of their examinations. Medical students have their year of service confined strictly to hospital duty, passing into the reserve as medical cadets, to serve as such in hospitals only, during war-time. Doctors having diplomas practise for a year in the hospitals and pass to the reserve with the grade of lieutenant. They are liable for sea service in time of war.
The depot, school-ships, machinists’ school and apprentice school are all at Pola, and at the same place there is a school for the children of both sexes of people in the naval service in indigent circumstances.
In addition to these departments of the navy, there is a Hydrographic Department, charged with the care of the Observatory, correction of charts, and preparation of almanacs; the Permanent Artillery Commission, charged with all ordnance experiments; the Permanent Commission of Naval Constructions, charged with the examination of all modifications and improvements in the construction and outfit of war-vessels; the dock-yard at Trieste; and the arsenal at Pola. The iron-clads and large wooden vessels of the Austrian Navy are built in the private ship-yards of San Marco and San Rocco at Trieste, under the superintendence of constructing engineers. These yards are fully equal to building iron-clads of the largest type.
Austria has no foreign squadrons in time of peace. Her foreign cruisers are wooden corvettes which make cruises of from one to two years’ duration. Her iron-clads are commissioned singly to cruise for short periods in the Adriatic. In time of war her whole iron-clad fleet is put in commission, the fleet being divided into squadrons of nine vessels each.
Brazil.
| Almirante | |||
| Vice-Almirante | |||
| Chefe de Esquadra | |||
| Chefe de Divisão | |||
| Capitão de mar é guerra | Cirurgião-mór | Commissario de numero de não | |
| Capitão de fragata | Cirurgião de esquadran | ||
| Capitão tenente | Cirurgião de divisão | Commissario de primeira classe | |
| Primeiro tenente | Primeiro cirurgião | ||
| Segundo tenente | Segundo cirurgião | Commissario de segunda classe | Machinista de primeira classe |
| Guarda marinha | Pharmaceutico | Commissario de terceira classe | Machinista de segunda classe |
| Aspirante | Machinista de terceira classe |