Navies of the world

by Edward W. Very

In addition to this force there is a corps of Marine Infantry amounting to 52 officers and 2100 men.

There are two main divisions of the Dutch fleet, the first for home service and the second for East India service. The foreign squadrons are: 1. The Curaçao station. 2d. The Surinam station. 3d. The East India fleet, which is divided into three main squadrons and four subordinate flotilla stations for the purpose of patrolling the coasts of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and the Celebes Islands. Single cruisers are sent out at short periods to make cruises around the world, whilst a large division is kept ready for service in the shallow home waters.

Italy.

The Italian Navy is represented in the Cabinet by a Minister of Marine. The central administration is divided into four main departments: 1st. The Personnel, under the control of a Secretary-General. 2d. The Matériel. 3d. Artillery and Torpedoes. 4th. Merchant Marine. There is an Admiralty Council for the general consideration of naval affairs, and a Scientific Bureau for the regulation of hydrographic affairs. The general arrangement of bureaus and superintendencies is similar to that of France, the whole central department being classed under the head of the General Staff.

For the general administration of affairs, there are two dock-yard stations, Spezzia and Venice, with a third in process of formation at Tarenta.

The grades of the executive corps of the service are as follows:

Ammiragle.
Vice-Ammiragle.
Contro-Ammiragle.
Capitano di Vascello.
Kapitein Luitenant ter Zee.
Capitano di Vascello.
Capitano di Fregato		1ᵃ classe.
		2ᵃ classe.
Luogotenento di Vascello.
Sottotenento di Vascello.
Guardia Marina di 1ᵃ classe.

All of the officers of this corps are drawn from the cadets of the Naval School, the course being four years of instruction. At present the cadets pass two years at Naples and two at Genoa, but it is the intention to establish a single Academy at Spezzia. There are three divisions of this corps: the active, the reserve or retired, and the officers at stationary residence, the latter being those who have waived promotion in consideration of having fixed duties at a seaport.

The Medical Corps is divided in the same manner as in other countries, the grades being:

Medico Ispettore.
Medico Direttore.
Medico di Vascello.
Medico di Fregata, 1ᵃ classe.
Medico di Fregata, 2ᵃ classe.
Medico di Corvetta		1ᵃ classe.
		2ᵃ classe.